tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36478251519774163942024-03-17T00:22:20.720+05:30Unraveling PolymersThe polymers space is vast and OEMs and processors alike are always in need of technical inputs to best evaluate which polymers are most suited to their specific end application.
At Poly Fluoro, we seek to demystify specialised polymers for those wishing to incorporate it in their applications.Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.comBlogger55125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-11269859100043430772020-01-16T15:40:00.000+05:302020-01-16T15:41:27.252+05:30Demystifying IGLIDUR<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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We have earlier looked at <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/turcite-lubring/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">Turcite B</a>* and Rulon and explained how they are the result of branding exercises that were set in place at a time when the polymer space was more obscure. In both their cases, we find that even today, older drawings received from OEMs will specify the brand and grade to be used and it usually takes some convincing and possibly development and trials on the part of the OEM to shift to an alternative.</div>
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Both Turcite and Rulon, as we illustrated in earlier articles, are PTFE based materials. In some cases, specific pigments have been added to the material to enhance wear properties and offer a visual uniqueness to the grade that other processors might struggle to match. It should be mentioned that especially in the case of Turcite, the distinct turquoise pigment used brings certain synergies with the base PTFE material, causing the wear properties to increase significantly in comparison with other pigments. However, there is no restriction as to who can either procure, compound, or process these pigments with PTFE to ensure the same properties are met by other manufacturers.</div>
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What is IGLIDUR?</h2>
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More recently, as we have ventured further down the path of precision machined components, we have had many OEMs asking us for IGLIDUR material. An initial glance through IGLIDUR’s properties told us that here too, a very significant branding push had been given to re-market generic polymer materials. We also realized that IGLIDUR – manufactured by IGUS in Germany – was priced at several multiples of the cost for a comparable grade bought locally.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />While there may no doubt be certain base properties or processing techniques used in the manufacture of IGLIDUR that enhance the properties over a generic substitute, the sheer cost difference makes for a compelling case for OEMs to look beyond the brand and evaluate whether an alternative will suit the application.</div>
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Below, we list a few of the most common grades of IGLIDUR. Mapping four key properties, we are able to identify – with some certainty – the generic polymer base for the grade. </div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Colour</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Specific Gravity</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Max Service Temperature (°C)</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tensile Strength (Mpa)</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Comparable Material</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur J</strong></div>
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Yellow</div>
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1.49</div>
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120</div>
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73</div>
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POM / Acetal / Delrin</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur X</strong></div>
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Black</div>
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1.44</div>
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250</div>
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170</div>
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Carbon PEEK</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur G</strong></div>
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Grey</div>
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1.46</div>
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130</div>
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210</div>
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PA66 40GF</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Igludur P</strong></div>
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Black</div>
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1.58</div>
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130</div>
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120</div>
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Carbon Filled POM/PA66</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Igludur K</strong></div>
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Yellow/Beige</div>
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1.52</div>
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170</div>
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80</div>
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PES/PESU</div>
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For the most part, IGLIDUR grades appear to use either Nylons of Acetal for the base material. In one case – IGLIDUR X, the high service temperature gives away the fact that it must either be PEEK or Polyimide. Similarly, IGLIDUR K, has a high service temperature, but relatively low tensile properties. However, the yellow/beige colour suggests that Polyethersulfone might be the most possible base polymer for this grade.</div>
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It should be said that there may certainly be property enhancing additives used in these grades to improve overall performance. However, as mentioned above, any product today can be tested to uncover the true composition of the same. With the composition no longer a mystery, any premium paid would be unjustifiable.</div>
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Armed with this knowledge, an OEM can at least begin the process of identifying an alternative. In most of these cases, the grades are easily available from generic stock shape manufacturers. Hence, a proto batch of 20-30 components would be easily developed and can be put under testing without the need for expensive tooling or R&D costs.</div>
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Considering the above, there appears a lot of room for exploration for OEMs that are using expensive components because the brand is obscure. IGUS does not easily share the base material used in its products, which might leave many end-users thinking it would be safer to pay the premium and get the right part. However, with the information available today, there is no reason for an OEM to pay many multiples on the cost.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-42094327013993085652019-12-17T15:53:00.000+05:302019-12-17T15:53:29.424+05:30PEEK Components and Bearings - Durable, lightweight, and dependable<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Developing a new polymer is challenging and needs to take into account what end applications are being catered to. Often, specific polymers will be identified for a certain application, but their limitations would be highlighted. Working off these limitations, a new material can be developed that seeks to fill gaps in performance. Selecting the best material is a critical step in the development of a polymer and this selection process will determine the quality of the final product. Strength, durability, malleability and many other factors are considered when a material is being selected and each of these factors holds a significant importance. </div>
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The development of PEEK, however, was surprising because suddenly, we had one polymer that exhibited properties at the far end of nearly every parameter. Whether we talk of tensile strength, strength-to-weight ratio, wear resistance, machinability or temperature resistance, PEEK truly checks all the boxes and leaves little doubt as to its effectiveness any time a debate on material selection is had.</div>
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Suffice to say, that the invention of PEEK revolutionized the plastic component manufacturing industry</div>
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PEEK was invented in the UK in 1978 and received a US patent in 1982. The processing conditions implemented to mould the material influence its crystallinity, or structure, and this results in the superb mechanical and chemical resistance properties of PEEK. PEEK is also highly resistant to degradation under high temperatures and resilient in organic and aqueous conditions. These properties make PEEK ideal for a wide array of components in diverse industries. Some of the major fields where this dynamic plastic material has been most effective are aerospace, the medical space, food & beverage and also the manufacture of PEEK plastic bearings.</div>
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PEEK in aerospace components</h2>
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PEEK is optimal in aerospace due to its lightweight properties (it has a specific gravity that is half of aluminium), chemical inertness and toughness. Light-weight materials reduce the overall load of a vessel and, thus, reduce fuel costs and helps preserve the environment. Because PEEK is a chemically inert, the material is stable in extreme conditions and can withstand exposure to atmospheric particles. The fact that PEEK can be machined to the kind of close tolerances needed in aerospace make it an ideal material of choice.</div>
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PEEK in medical equipment</h2>
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In the medical field, hygiene, durability and biocompatibility are all important factors when considering what materials to incorporate. PEEK offers flexible and durable properties and it also has no adverse effects on the skin or internal organs, which makes it an ideal material for implants. Biocompatible grades of PEEK can be used as sensor covers and transducers in medical equipment. Such grades ensure that even in the event of bodily contact, there would no adverse effects. Its resistance to extreme temperatures and low moisture absorption properties also make it a preferred choice for pumping mechanisms.</div>
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PEEK in food and beverages</h2>
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The high-temperature resistance of PEEK makes it a favourable option in the production of powders and other ingredients in the food & beverage industry. PEEK is an effective alternative to PET and holds up well under the extreme temperatures for the drying of ingredients in food as well as feed for animals. The high wear resistance of PEEK also makes it an ideal choice for scrappers, where other polymers would either chip or deform. <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/peek-valve/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank"><b>PEEK valves</b></a> are also critical in coffee machines, where metallic valves have been known to impart an unfamiliar taste to the beverage. Since the last 5-10 years, high-end coffee machines around the world use PEEK valves in their equipment.</div>
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PEEK as a bearing material</h2>
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One field that has some of the most diverse applications of PEEK is the manufacturing PEEK bearings. PEEK makes an ideal material for bearings for many reasons. PEEK bearings can be made self-lubricating (usually with the addition of PTFE at a concentration of 15-25%). Abrasion causes microscopic bits to function as lubrication with inconsequential alteration to the bearings themselves. The durability and high-temperature resistance of PEEK bearings allows them to be thinner and lighter than traditional material bearings. Their light-weight characteristics make them more fuel-efficient and they don’t require the constant grease and maintenance that metallic bearings demand. As a result, PEEK can reduce bearing production and maintenance costs significantly. PEEK bearings can also run for long periods of time without freezing during operation. The low thermal expansion coefficient of PEEK ensures that it retains dimensional integrity over a very wide range of temperatures – both high and low. The chemical resistance of PEEK bearings allows them to withstand conditions that would otherwise cause damage to metal bearings. All these attributes make PEEK bearings an exceptional mechanical component for an endless number of products and functions</div>
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As we can see from these examples, PEEK is effective in a range of industries and PEEK bearings have become a favoured option as a mechanical component. PEEK bearings can be found in many different types of products and even in motors that go into the refrigerators and air conditioners in our homes. PEEK bearings will continue to be implemented in more and more products in the future as well. Keep your eyes open for PEEK plastic materials and PEEK bearings in the machines and products around you.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com1Bengaluru, Karnataka, India12.9715987 77.59456269999998312.4764182 76.949115699999979 13.4667792 78.240009699999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-80294235028889798172019-12-17T15:48:00.002+05:302019-12-17T15:48:56.287+05:30Demystifying IGLIDUR<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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We have earlier looked at <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/turcite-lubring/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">Turcite B</a>* and Rulon and explained how they are the result of branding exercises that were set in place at a time when the polymer space was more obscure. In both their cases, we find that even today, older drawings received from OEMs will specify the brand and grade to be used and it usually takes some convincing and possibly development and trials on the part of the OEM to shift to an alternative.</div>
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Both Turcite and Rulon, as we illustrated in earlier articles, are PTFE based materials. In some cases, specific pigments have been added to the material to enhance wear properties and offer a visual uniqueness to the grade that other processors might struggle to match. It should be mentioned that especially in the case of Turcite, the distinct turquoise pigment used brings certain synergies with the base PTFE material, causing the wear properties to increase significantly in comparison with other pigments. However, there is no restriction as to who can either procure, compound, or process these pigments with PTFE to ensure the same properties are met by other manufacturers.</div>
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What is IGLIDUR?</h2>
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More recently, as we have ventured further down the path of precision machined components, we have had many OEMs asking us for IGLIDUR material. An initial glance through IGLIDUR’s properties told us that here too, a very significant branding push had been given to re-market generic polymer materials. We also realized that IGLIDUR – manufactured by IGUS in Germany – was priced at several multiples of the cost for a comparable grade bought locally.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />While there may no doubt be certain base properties or processing techniques used in the manufacture of IGLIDUR that enhance the properties over a generic substitute, the sheer cost difference makes for a compelling case for OEMs to look beyond the brand and evaluate whether an alternative will suit the application.</div>
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Below, we list a few of the most common grades of IGLIDUR. Mapping four key properties, we are able to identify – with some certainty – the generic polymer base for the grade. </div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Colour</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Specific Gravity</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Max Service Temperature (°C)</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Tensile Strength (Mpa)</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Comparable Material</strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur J</strong></div>
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Yellow</div>
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1.49</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
120</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
73</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
POM / Acetal / Delrin</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur X</strong></div>
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Black</div>
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1.44</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
250</div>
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170</div>
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Carbon PEEK</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Iglidur G</strong></div>
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Grey</div>
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1.46</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
130</div>
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210</div>
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PA66 40GF</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Igludur P</strong></div>
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Black</div>
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1.58</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
130</div>
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120</div>
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Carbon Filled POM/PA66</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Igludur K</strong></div>
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Yellow/Beige</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
1.52</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857; padding: 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: justify;">
170</div>
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80</div>
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PES/PESU</div>
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For the most part, IGLIDUR grades appear to use either Nylons of Acetal for the base material. In one case – IGLIDUR X, the high service temperature gives away the fact that it must either be PEEK or Polyimide. Similarly, IGLIDUR K, has a high service temperature, but relatively low tensile properties. However, the yellow/beige colour suggests that Polyethersulfone might be the most possible base polymer for this grade.</div>
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It should be said that there may certainly be property enhancing additives used in these grades to improve overall performance. However, as mentioned above, any product today can be tested to uncover the true composition of the same. With the composition no longer a mystery, any premium paid would be unjustifiable.</div>
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Armed with this knowledge, an OEM can at least begin the process of identifying an alternative. In most of these cases, the grades are easily available from generic stock shape manufacturers. Hence, a proto batch of 20-30 components would be easily developed and can be put under testing without the need for expensive tooling or R&D costs.</div>
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Considering the above, there appears a lot of room for exploration for OEMs that are using expensive components because the brand is obscure. IGUS does not easily share the base material used in its products, which might leave many end-users thinking it would be safer to pay the premium and get the right part. However, with the information available today, there is no reason for an OEM to pay many multiples on the cost.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-37305242431680786242019-12-12T13:04:00.000+05:302019-12-12T13:11:23.335+05:30Polymers in Fluid Transfer Applications<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The transfer of fluids can be a complicated affair. In most applications that involve fluid transfer, the system is simultaneously subject to one or all of the following conditions:</div>
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Pressure</div>
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Temperature</div>
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Corrosion</div>
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Each of these conditions further compounds the effects of the other. For example, while a system may be equipped to handle high pressures, the added effect of corrosion can lead to ruptures or pinholes within the system that can cause failure. Hence, that any system that seeks to contain or transport fluids needs to ensure that all precautions are taken to accommodate the effects and minimise the risk of leakages.</div>
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Polymers are the preferred choice for fluid transfer applications for several reasons. First, there exist a huge range of choices that can be compared with the chemical properties of the fluid in question to ensure that the polymer does not react during functioning. A major issue with using metals is that even though they may not necessarily corrode, there is no guarantee that there will not be some reaction with the chemical fluids. Such reactions can alter the properties of the fluids themselves, which would be a problem. Polymers also operate at a wide range of temperatures and given that they are not as hard as metals, they invariably bring sealing properties that metals cannot match.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1. Polymer Seals</strong></div>
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Seals can be machined from polymer stock shapes to match the tolerances of any system. Polymer seals are a vast area of application and can include everything from:</div>
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Ball valve seats</div>
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Spring-energised seals</div>
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Sealing rings</div>
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Chevron V-packings</div>
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Rotary seals</div>
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Linear sealing strips</div>
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There is no limit to the types of polymers that can be used in a sealing application. PTFE, PEEK, PPS (Ryton) and Polyimide seals are usually preferred in applications where there is a combination of high temperature and corrosive chemicals. In lower temperature applications (say, within 120°C), polymers such as POM (Delrin), PVC or even Polypropylene can be used.</div>
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The choice of polymer here is entirely application based. As always, it starts with the chemical compatibility and moves from there. For example, while PEEK is a very robust and machinable polymer, PPS is a preferred option in the paper and pulp industry. This is primarily because even though PEEK is chemically very inert, it does suffer some reaction to the chemicals used specifically in pulp and paper manufacture. With PTFE – which is easily the most chemically inert polymer – the issue is that of deformation. While PTFE can take high pressures – the combination of high pressure and temperatures can cause deformation in <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-seal/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">PTFE seals</a> over time, leading to leakages.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2. Polymer valves</strong></div>
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The function of a valve is to regulate the flow of fluids through a system. Not only does the valve need to ensure that there is a tight sealing around it (fluids should not be able to flow around the valve), but the valve needs to resist the fluids flowing through it and ensure that thermal expansion due to high temperatures does not hinder the smooth movement of the valve.</div>
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One application of <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/peek-valve/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">PTFE valves</a> is in the paints industry. Paint mixing machines use PTFE valves to regulate the flow of liquid paint. PTFE is the material of choice because paints are composed of myriad different chemicals. Each shade of paint would be a result of a specific combination of additives and it is therefore essential to have a material that does not react with what may be potentially thousands of different compounds.</div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/peek-valve/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">PEEK valves</a> are used extensively in coffee machines. The combination of high temperature liquids and food grade requirements means that PEEK – which is FDA approved – is a key material of choice. PEEK is also very thermally stable, which means that the valve does not expand (and therefore tighten) even when higher temperature liquids are passed through it.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3. PTFE bellows</strong></div>
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Bellows are complex parts that need to be machined out of PTFE. The key function of a bellow is to accommodate excess pressures and ensure that the system – typically a pumping system – does not fail over a long period of time. PTFE is used primarily because it is soft and because it is chemically inert. The softness of the material allows for the bellow to expand and contract, rather than succumb to higher pressures.</div>
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Different bellows have different ratings for the number of cycles that they can accommodate. However, a range of 1-2 million cycles is standard in the industry.</div>
<img alt="ptfe bellows" height="132" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/poly-admin/assets/js/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/images/PFL%20Bellows.JPG" style="border: 0px solid; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin-left: 200px; margin-right: 110px; margin-top: 30px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; vertical-align: middle;" title="ptfe bellows" width="200" /><br />
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The only issue with a <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-bellows/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">PTFE bellow</a> is that because PTFE cannot be injection moulded, the bellow needs to be machined out of a block. This results in a wastage of nearly 80% on the material, making PTFE an expensive choice. Nonetheless, there are applications where nothing other than PTFE will suffice, and hence it is a preferred material in high-end chemical pumps. </div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4. ePTFE gaskets</strong></div>
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Expanded PTFE, like regular PTFE, comes with a stellar ability to resist chemicals. The only drawback with regular PTFE is that it lacks the elasticity, or seal-ability, of some softer materials such as silicone or Viton rubber. However, these materials still cannot accommodate the high temperatures that PTFE can.</div>
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ePTFE arrests some of the issues seen with regular PTFE in that it is highly compressible (up to 65%) and offers an excellent sealing between harder surfaces including metals and glass. More importantly, ePTFE provides sealing in pressures of up to 100Bar, with minimal torque. This means that even more delicate assemblies can be fully sealed without having to put excess pressure on the bolted areas.</div>
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Both ePTFE cut gaskets and <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/expanded-ptfe-eptfe-tapes-properties-and-installation-techniques/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">ePTFE gasket tapes</a> are being increasingly adopted across fluid sealing applications. A combination of its ability to withstand high-temperature and high corrosion while offering high sealing makes it a material of choice.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5. Polymer bobbins</strong></div>
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Some fluid sealing systems have a combination of metals and elastomers. For example, airline fluid systems use neoprene rubber for the transfer of fluids. In the event of fire or excess heat, it is essential that these rubber tubes be kept safe and away from metals – which can heat up quickly and melt the rubber easily.</div>
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Polymer bobbins are used a medium to shield the rubber from the metals. Metal clamps – rather than being fitted directly on the rubber hose – will clamp around the bobbin which will then come in contact with the hose. This arrangement ensures that the bobbin, which can withstand higher temperatures and will not transfer heat, will keep the neoprene hose safe in the event that the clamp heats up.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6. PTFE (Teflon) Tubes</strong></div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #337ab7; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 300ms linear 0s;" target="_blank">PTFE tubes</a> are one of the most sought after for fluid transfer. Tubes are resistant to chemicals and high temperatures. At the same time, the wall thickness of a PTFE tube can be enhanced to allow it to accommodate high pressures. Further, with stainless steel braiding, these pressures can be even higher. </div>
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PTFE tubes find application across industries such food processing, chemicals, electrical, and pneumatic lines, to name only a few.</div>
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A key example of the application of PTFE tubes is in analyser equipment. The equipment is used to evaluate the chemical composition of gases that reach it though several tubes. Since the gas cannot be allowed change its chemical structure in any way, it is essential that it travels through a medium that will not react with it. PTFE is an ideal medium, as there is no chance that the gas running through it will react with it and this ensures the purity of the system.</div>
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The above are but a few examples of polymers and their applications in fluid sealing systems. For the most part, OEMs will design their own systems and then look for polymer solutions that specifically match their application. As such, there are literally thousands of different areas where polymers are used to ensure fluid systems are kept robust and free from leakages.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com12Bengaluru, Karnataka, India12.9715987 77.59456269999998312.4764182 76.949115699999979 13.4667792 78.240009699999987tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-47180978980463546822018-06-18T10:03:00.000+05:302018-06-18T10:03:23.834+05:30PTFE (Teflon) Tubing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Tubes</a> are known for their versatility and durability.</div>
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As a material, it comes with the numerous properties of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon)</a>, including temperature resistance, chemical resistance, electrical insulation and high-strength.</div>
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The high ratio of strength (both tensile and electrical) to weight gives us the option of using a much smaller tube of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> to do the same task that might require a lot more of a less capable material.</div>
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A high burst pressure means that both pneumatic and hydraulic systems would benefit tremendously from the use of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tube</a>. Similarly, a dielectric breakdown strength in the region of 150KV/mm implies that even a wall thickness as thin as 0.5mm allows for a breakdown resistance of 75KV.</div>
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Chemical lines, which often require a material that does not in any way react with the chemical inside it, benefit from the inert nature of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a>. This means that even in the event that some unknown chemicals are present in the fluid passing through the tube, there is no risk that the tube will corrode or in any way impart its own reaction with the chemical.</div>
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PTFE tubes are known by many names across the industry:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Tubing</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Teflon Tubing</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Hose</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Pipe</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Sleeve</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Sheath</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Liners</a></li>
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They are all part of the same process and extruded in the same manner.</div>
<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_448" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_448" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 720px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Tube-Infographic.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="PTFE Tube" class="size-full wp-image-448" height="405" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Tube-Infographic.png" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Tube-Infographic.png 720w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Tube-Infographic-300x169.png 300w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="720" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_448" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon) Tubing finds application in nearly every industry</figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
Please visit <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">our website</a> for more details or email us: enquries@polyfluoroltd.com</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-25594700903425323192018-06-12T09:50:00.000+05:302018-06-12T09:50:25.678+05:30Precision Machining Polymers – The Challenges Are Plenty<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Over the past decade we have seen a rapid shift from conventional machining to CNC machining. While <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">CNC machined parts</a> used to be required only in the most critical of applications earlier, they are now the mainstay, with even simple items like washers being churned out in this fashion, rather than depending on the perceived unpredictability of a manual system.</div>
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In the polymer space, while the shift to CNC has also been essential, there have been several complications that have arisen. We look at these here, in a bid to better understand the nuances of precision polymer machining and show that it is not always as straightforward as machining metals.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Grades and varieties<br /><br /><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
The first thing to realize is that the term “polymer” is both broad and vague. As a company deep rooted in <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon)</a> as our core product, our experience into other polymers taught us that the differences in each make the process of CNC machining that much more unique. Let’s take a look at how some of the high-performance plastics behave:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">PA 6/ PA 66 (<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Nylon</a> or <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Polyamide</a>) – Nylon machines easily, but due to its low melting point, the feed rate and RPM need to be optimized to ensure that burrs do not melt and stick to the part. Furthermore, the high moisture absorption of Nylon implies that coolants can rarely be used, as these would ‘swell’ the component, causing dimensional deviations<br /></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">UHMWPE</a> – like nylons, UHMWPE also suffers from having a very low melting point. Furthermore, as UHMWPE needs to be compression moulded, the orientation of the molecules within the part are not always predictable. Achieving high tolerances on UHMWPE is not always possible as a result<br /></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK</a>, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PEI (Ultem)</a>, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PI (Kapton)</a> – these polymers are able to withstand high-temperatures and can therefore be run at higher speeds. However, due to the crystalline nature of the internal structures, the more stress applied during machining, the higher chance that the parts will crack. <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK</a> especially requires a special annealing process before it can be machined. In the event that multiple operations are required on a <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK part</a>, the part may be re-annealed between operations to ensure that the stress build up does not cause the part to crack later on.<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_442" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_442" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Radome.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-442" height="185" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Radome-300x185.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Radome-300x185.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Radome-768x474.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-Radome-1024x632.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_442" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Radomes for Radar Applications</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_444" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_444" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin: 1.25em 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-bellows-1.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-444" height="237" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-bellows-1-300x237.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-bellows-1-300x237.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-bellows-1-768x606.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-bellows-1-1024x808.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_444" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Bellows – Virgin PTFE</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_443" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_443" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Heavy-insulation-2.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-443" height="224" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Heavy-insulation-2-300x224.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Heavy-insulation-2-300x224.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Heavy-insulation-2-768x574.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Heavy-insulation-2-1024x765.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_443" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Radomes for High Precison Radar Applications</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_441" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_441" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin: 1.25em 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-ESPA-1.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-441" height="225" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-ESPA-1-300x225.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-ESPA-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-ESPA-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PTFE-ESPA-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_441" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Bobbins – Virgin PTFE – Tolerance of 0.04mm</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_440" class="wp-caption alignleft" id="attachment_440" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: left; margin: 1.25em 30px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Snecma-3.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-440" height="225" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Snecma-3-300x225.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Snecma-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Snecma-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Snecma-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_440" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK Adaptors for Aerospace</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_439" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_439" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin: 1.25em 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-CCD-2-e1528776428696.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-439" height="225" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-CCD-2-e1528776428696-300x225.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-CCD-2-e1528776428696-300x225.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-CCD-2-e1528776428696-768x576.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-CCD-2-e1528776428696-1024x768.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_439" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK Piston – Tolerance of 0.025mm</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_438" class="wp-caption alignright" id="attachment_438" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right; margin: 1.25em 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Backup-Rings-1.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-438" height="218" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Backup-Rings-1-300x218.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Backup-Rings-1-300x218.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Backup-Rings-1-768x558.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Backup-Rings-1-1024x744.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_438" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK Back Up Rings – 15% Carbon Filled</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_437" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_437" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 292px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-437" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3-292x300.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3-292x300.jpg 292w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3-768x789.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3-997x1024.jpg 997w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PEEK-Adopter-3.jpg 1384w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="292" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_437" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK Adaptors for Aerospace</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_436" class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_436" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PA66-ESPA-1.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-436" height="225" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PA66-ESPA-1-300x225.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PA66-ESPA-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PA66-ESPA-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/PA66-ESPA-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_436" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Nylon 66 Bobbins for Aerospace</figcaption></figure><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
The above examples are just a few of the peculiarities that each polymer brings. With polymers such as <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon)</a>, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Delrin</a>, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PVDF (Kynar)</a> and <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PVC</a>, we have found the machining to be more straightforward. However, as the complexity of the part increases and the tolerances become tighter, the level of care needed increases, along with an increased need to understand the internal structure of the material.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Tolerances and dimensions<br /><br /><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
We are often approached by other companies also involved in some form of polymer machining, requesting whether we have any excess demand that they can support us with. Our first question is always “what tolerances are you able to achieve”?”. The answer is usually between 0.05mm and 0.1mm.<br /></div>
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From our perspective this is not adequate. While it is true that polymers do not lend themselves to the dimensional stability of metals (where tolerances of up to 1 micron are sometimes demanded), we have found that with the proper programming and handling, polymers can be machined to achieve a consistent tolerance of within 10-20 microns.<br /></div>
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It is in this endeavour that we have put a lot of our focus and effort. It is also why having CNC machines is alone not enough to ensure the parts would be of the highest possible precision. Knowing the material and understanding how the part needs to be handled – both during and after the machining process is complete, is critical to be able to get that extra 30-40 microns in tolerance.<br /></div>
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The other complexity on dimensions relates to the strength of the material. The longer the component, the tougher it becomes to attain close tolerances at the end – as the material starts to bend slightly, throwing the dimensions off. Again, knowing what the polymer is capable of and machining in a way that minimizes the deflection that the material would experience is key to ensuring a consistently machined component.<br /></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Volumes<br /><br /><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
While <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">polymer machined parts</a> have certainly found their foothold across industries, the volumes remain tiny when compared with metals, or even some injection molded<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"> polymer components</a>.</div>
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One of our concerns when shifting to CNC machining, was whether we could justify the expense against the low volumes of parts required. Keep in mind that apart from the machine cost itself, there are the added expenses of labour and special tooling.</div>
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Getting high-volume parts that also demand the criticality that we offer remains a crucial challenge.<br /></div>
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Overall, the intricacies of polymer machining make it a rewarding experience. To be able to attain industry leading levels of tolerance across a whole range of polymers is something we are very proud of. So while CNC machining technologies certainly helped us move ahead, what set us apart was the ability to take the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">precision machining of polymers</a> up a notch.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-13920552449123119272018-06-11T09:00:00.000+05:302018-06-11T09:00:02.134+05:30Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Gasket Tapes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Gasket Tape</a> is increasingly becoming the preferred material of choice for any application requiring an on-site solution to both prevent and arrest leakages.</div>
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The material’s superior sealing properties combined with the ability to withstand both high temperatures and nearly all corrosive chemicals make it the obvious choice for engineers looking for a long term solution to sealing without worrying about the durability of the sealing material.</div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Gasket Tapes</a> are also known as the following:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Joint Sealant Tapes</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Soft PTFE Tapes</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Form-in-place Gasket Tape</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Gore Gasket Tape</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Expanded PTFE Sealing Tape</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Self-adhesive Gasket Tape</a></li>
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The fact that there are so many different names poses a challenge to market this product – since each end user may have their own terminology and thus search online accordingly.</div>
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The versatility of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Gasket Tapes</a> extends across multiple industries, as shown in the info-graphic below.</div>
<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_431" class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_431" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 720px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Infographic.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="wp-image-431 size-full" height="405" sizes="(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Infographic.png" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Infographic.png 720w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Infographic-300x169.png 300w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="720" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_431" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Gasket Tape</figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Flange.jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-432 aligncenter" height="200" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Flange-300x200.jpeg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Flange-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ePTFE-Flange.jpeg 680w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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The above photo shows the typical application of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Gasket Tape</a>. Although this shows the joint sealant being applied around a metal flange, the tape is equally adept at sealing weaker materials such as glass or plastic. This is because the sealing effectiveness can be attained at low torques, allowing a completely air-tight seal even if the option to tighten around the medium is limited.</div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Find out more about the applications and installations of Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Gasket Tape on our website</a></div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-5951357831943010652018-05-08T16:38:00.002+05:302018-05-08T16:38:54.539+05:30PTFE Pricing Update – The Impact of Anti-dumping Duties<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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For anyone connected to the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> industry, the last 18 months have been fraught with anxiety. The shutting down of a few <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> resin manufacturers in China in early 2017 caused a supply crunch that has yet to ease out, driving prices up as much as 60%.</div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="alignnone wp-image-424 size-full" height="1126" sizes="(max-width: 2043px) 100vw, 2043px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking.png" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking.png 2043w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking-300x165.png 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking-768x423.png 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PTFE-Price-Benchmarking-1024x564.png 1024w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="2043" /></a></div>
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Many believed that the imbalance between demand and supply of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> raw materials would spur a capacity expansion from those manufacturers still operational. However – as we earlier saw in 2011 – resin manufacturers opted instead to maintain capacity and allow prices to increase. From the point of view of companies like Gujarat Fluorochemicals (India) and Shangdong Dongyue (China), this appears to be a sensible strategy. Until early 2017, the price of PTFE resins had been steadily declining due to fierce competition between resin suppliers. The shutting down of Chinese plants would have come as a blessing for these companies, who have since seen their realizations increase.</div>
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But while a rational observer may argue that an upward price correction was certainly due in early 2017, pinpointing the “fair” price for <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> has always been tricky. Not only is the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> industry minuscule in comparison to more familiar polymers such as PVC, Polypropylene and Polyethylene, but its irreplaceable properties as an engineering plastic allows resin manufacturers a lot of leeway to test the extent to which higher prices would be accommodated by processors such as ourselves. Considering the price increase has been a worldwide phenomenon, it has not been impossible to convince clients regarding the upward revision of rates. What has been taxing, is the instability. A client may be willing to revise rates once or twice, but when it becomes a monthly affair, one can expect some backlash.</div>
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Amid all the uncertainty, it appears processors may have found some solace in the protectionist tendencies of the current US government. When the US announced in October 2017 that they would be reviewing the anti-dumping policy in relation to <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> resin supplies, no one took much notice. This administration has highlighted multiple instances where the competitiveness of the US economy was threatened by low-cost-countries. We never believed that much attention would be paid to a niche industry like <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a>.</div>
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Over the past week, however, <a href="https://www.ajot.com/news/u.s.-department-of-commerce-issues-affirmative-preliminary-antidumping-duty-determinations-on-polyetrafluoroethylene-resin-from-china-and-india" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">tariffs of 69% to 208% were announced on Chinese manufacturers, while Gujarat Fluorochemicals (India’s only manufacturer) was slapped with an 18.5% anti-dumping duty</a>. The resulting impact of this measure is something we would like to extrapolate.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Demand realignment<br /><br /><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
The first and most obvious effect of a tariff such as this is to curb demand from the US for Indian and Chinese resins. Globally, North America is said to contribute to about 25% of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE demand</a>, with the bulk of this coming from the US.</div>
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Our understanding of the price of Chemours resins (the erstwhile DuPont and the company that has lobbied to get the anti-dumping duties imposed) is that they lie between 1.25-1.6 times the price of resins from India. Hence, even with freight and other duties, Indian suppliers may still find some takers in the US market. It should however be noted that given the superior quality of Chemours’ material, processors cannot be expected to choose Indian resins, should the price differential be small.<br /></div>
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With regards to China, the pricing is a little more opaque. There are several manufacturers, and each has their own rate contracts with their respective clients. Whether a 208% tariff is warranted or is merely the result of effective lobbying on the part of Chemours, we cannot really tell.</div>
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In a twist of undeniable irony, Russian manufacturers have been omitted from this tariff. When Gujarat Fluorochemicals successfully lobbied for anti-dumping duties into India, they made it a point to include both China and Russia in their report. The absence of Russia from the US’ anti-dumping measures means that they are well poised to benefit from the demand shift – assuming the US does not penalize them with any other general trade tariffs.<br /></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Supply realignment<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<br />Considering what a large share of the world’s demand the US commands, their focus inward will leave a lot of Indian and Chinese resin manufacturers in the cold. The move is likely to cause the capacities of Asian firms to come in line (if not even exceed) local demand. There is still a significant amount of demand within Asia Pacific – which accounts for more than 50% of the global market. However, the price points are lower and the fact that the US has practically shut its doors mean that competition will drive prices down again.</div>
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This may be particularly harsh for Indian resin manufacturers, as Chinese resins – which have been hard to come by locally due to the supply crunch – will undoubtedly flood the market. Interestingly, the anti-dumping duty on Russian resins into India has expired recently, implying that here too, they have a good opportunity to enter the market.<br /></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Value realignment<br /><br /><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
When India imposed anti-dumping duties on China and Russia back in 2010-2011, the effect was not as beneficial to Indian resin manufacturers as initially assumed. This was because processors shifted their demand from buying raw materials from China to buy semi-finished goods. Traders who were earlier importing resins, now began dealing in rods and sheets.</div>
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It is therefore equally likely that in the US too, the market will shift such that semi-finished and finished components get imported, rather than resins. Ultimately, the US has a significant appetite, and this needs to be met one way or another. One cannot imagine a processor in the US agreeing to pay a 200% duty, when they can just as well import finished products with no such penalty.<br /></div>
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It should also be noted that while Chemours may certainly want to monopolize the North American market as it once did, it simply may not have the capacity to satisfy the local demand. As a result, shortages will push clients to look further up the value chain for their requirements. In protecting the interest of a few large companies, the US may have just killed of a large portion of its processing industry, which was no doubt dependent on Indian and Chinese resins for staying competitive.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-36735637183310358602017-10-17T15:14:00.000+05:302017-10-17T15:14:01.208+05:30PTFE (Teflon®) Tubes as Insulators<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The benefits of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> as an electrical insulator are well known. The high dielectric strength and breakdown voltage of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> allows it to be used in applications where standard insulation materials would fail.</div>
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In our experience, we have seen <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> skived tapes used as wrapping around high-voltage junctions and circuits, PTFE components used as transducer covers and high-voltage casings and <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> pads used to shield metal bodies from one another in electrical and thermal applications.</div>
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon®) tubes</a> find similar uses as electrical insulators, although one really needs to dig deep to see where exactly they are used. Ever since we started manufacturing <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon®) Tubes</a>, we have begun exploring its application and approaching various clients currently making insulation assemblies to understand whether there is a possibility to use <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> in their products.</div>
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<u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon®</u><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">) Tubes in Cables</u></div>
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The requirement of cables to have a single outer casing that houses a variety of conductors necessitates the use of an insulating medium. <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tubes</a> are used to shield each conductor from the next. In this application, it is essential that the tube is both flexible and free of any cracks/inclusions that would affect the insulating properties.</div>
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Additionally, since the requirement may be for a cable that is continuous and without joints, the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tube</a> would itself need to be continuous. It is therefore imperative to be able to manufacture a continuous tube that would be free from any defects for a length of at least 150 to 300 meters.</div>
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It has taken extensive research and multiple trials to attain a level of extrusion that guarantees a flawless, continuous length of tube.</div>
<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_414" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_414" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PTFE-Tube-Cable-3.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-414" height="225" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PTFE-Tube-Cable-3-300x225.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PTFE-Tube-Cable-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PTFE-Tube-Cable-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PTFE-Tube-Cable-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_414" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Tube forms the insulating medium around the cable core</figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<u style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon) Tubes in Short Neutral Sections</u></div>
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While the tubes used inside cables are usually thin-walled tubes (within 1mm wall thickness), there are applications where thick-walled tubes form the outer casing of insulating assemblies.</div>
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The <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Short Neutral Section (SNS)</a>, is an insulating assembly used in overhead lines for the railways. Typically, the pantograph will run along a high-voltage wire above the train, allowing current to be supplied to the train. The current is drawn from a sub-station and when switching from one sub-station to the next, the pantograph will pass over the neutral section. The assembly ensures that the wires from two separate sub-stations do not make contact. Hence, it is important for the insulating medium to be effective. Furthermore, since the pantograph runs over the neutral section at high speed, it requires an insulator that is also capable of high wear resistance.</div>
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We were approached by the railways to develop this assembly. The core of the product is the thick-walled PTFE tube, which is combined with additives to improve wear resistance, while maintaining the dielectric properties.</div>
<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_415" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_415" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Short-Neutral-Section.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="" class="size-medium wp-image-415" height="185" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Short-Neutral-Section-300x185.jpg" srcset="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Short-Neutral-Section-300x185.jpg 300w, https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Short-Neutral-Section.jpg 638w" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_415" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Tube used as an outer sheath for electrical and wear properties</figcaption></figure><div style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Conductive or Anti-Static PTFE Tube</u></div>
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Because <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> has such a high resistance to current, there are areas where this becomes a problem. With no way to pass through <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a>, there is the possibility that excess static discharge simply collects on the surface of the material. Once a critical mass of discharge is reached, there is a high possibility of sparking.</div>
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In applications involving flammable vapours, such sparking can be very dangerous. To mitigate this issue, fillers such as carbon are added to <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> to allow for some static discharge to take place through the material. The addition of carbon reduces the insulating properties of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> to some extent, but the end properties of the material are still far above any regular insulators.</div>
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There are multiple other uses for <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE (Teflon®) Tubes</a> across industries. As old designs are upgraded, it is important for product designers to keep in mind that <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> has properties that make many of the older insulating materials obsolete.</div>
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Note: Teflon® in the registered trademark of Chemours™</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-75229097799573645512017-05-19T15:03:00.000+05:302017-07-12T13:36:34.015+05:30ePTFE Membranes – The Possibilities are Endless<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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It doesn’t require a scientist or an engineer to take a basic property of a material and extrapolate the possible areas of application.</div>
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We have spent the last one year developing <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-membranes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE membranes</a>, as we saw it as a key growth area within the PTFE space. As a technology, it remains obscure. Yet the demand for this product is so vast that it is no wonder that the few companies that have perfected it have been able to command the market (and by extension, the price).</div>
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To say that we have perfected ePTFE membranes would still be an overstatement. Being an SME, we have had to focus our R&D in those areas where clients have shown interest, rather than take a broader approach and simultaneously develop multiple variants. However, in our pursuit of client satisfaction, there have been consistent findings that have slowly allowed us to start tapping into the broader demand in the market. In addition to this, what we know about the property of the material gives us insights into other, perhaps less explored areas of application.</div>
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To start with, let us lay out the most fundamental property of this material:</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE membranes allow gases and vapours to pass, while restricting liquids</strong></div>
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This ability is what lays the foundation for the myriad applications (and potential applications) of ePTFE membranes. When coupled with the other properties of PTFE – such as temperature resistance, chemical inertness and dielectric strength – it is easy to see why the product is so much in demand.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Membranes in Automotive Vent Applications<br /><br />Auto is a well traversed industry for<span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"> </span><a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE</a><span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"> </span><span style="font-size: 0.85rem;">usage. We started our development of</span><span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"> </span>ePTFE membranes<span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"> </span><span style="font-size: 0.85rem;">when we were asked to replicate an automotive vent as manufactured by Gore. The vent is a small disk of</span><span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"> </span>ePTFE membrane<span style="font-size: 0.85rem;">, with an adhesive backing. We were able to develop it in both virgin form and with a carbon filling.</span>The purpose of this vent is to sit on a small opening at the back of the headlamp chamber. Any moisture that could potentially fog the headlights and/or condense within the chamber is released via the vent. However, as the vent is only permeable to gases and not liquids, water is no allowed back into the headlamp chamber, keeping it free from moisture.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Thumb_Produktgruppe_600x500.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="automotive vent" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-374" height="250" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Thumb_Produktgruppe_600x500-300x250.jpg" srcset="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Thumb_Produktgruppe_600x500-300x250.jpg 300w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Thumb_Produktgruppe_600x500.jpg 600w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Membranes in PCB applications<br /><br /><span style="color: #656565;">The effect of moisture on PCBs is well known. Apart from rust and corrosion, the presence of excess moisture can cause multiple short circuits, destroying the device within which the PCB is operating.</span>ePTFE membranes<span style="color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem;"> are ideal in allowing any moisture built up within the PCB assembly to escape. At the same time, in the event of direct exposure to liquids, the </span>ePTFE membrane<span style="font-size: 0.85rem;"><span style="color: #565656;"> shields the PCB, keeping it dry.</span></span><span style="color: #565656;"><br /></span>The usefulness of this application is seen in nearly every industry where electronics are used. With mobility becoming more important, the chance of exposing a device to moisture becomes nearly unavoidable (think, dropping your smartphone into water). Having the protection of a breathable ePTFE membrane<span style="color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem;"> means the device is less likely to fail in such an event.</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="eptfe pcb" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-375" height="152" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy-300x152.jpg" srcset="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy-300x152.jpg 300w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy-768x389.jpg 768w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy-1024x518.jpg 1024w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFEassy.jpg 1215w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Membranes in Cable Wrapping<br /><br /><span style="color: #656565;">We have covered this in an earlier post. However, it is useful to reiterate that the high dielectric capabilities of ePTFE drive its use as a cable wrapping medium.</span><a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/heavy-insulation-components/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE insulator tape</a><span style="color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem;"> can be made with tightly controlled thicknesses of as little as 0.05mm, with a uniform density, and dielectric constant. Wrapping individual conductors in ePTFE can cut interference, noise, cross-talk, and signal attenuation. In some applications, ePTFE tape helps limit phase shift to 4.3° and signal attenuation to 0.05 dB at 110 GHz.</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE Cable" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-232" height="172" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable-300x172.jpg" srcset="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable-300x172.jpg 300w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable.jpg 450w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Membranes in Filtration<br /><br />Multiple applications within filtration exist for the use of ePTFE. Filtration itself requires different levels of porosity and pore size and the membrane needs to be customised accordingly.<br /><br />One of the most commonly known filters is used in vacuum pumps. It consists of a single ePTFE layer<span style="color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem;">, moulded into a polypropylene housing (see below).</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFE-Filter.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="eptfe filter" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-376" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFE-Filter-282x300.jpg" srcset="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFE-Filter-282x300.jpg 282w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ePTFE-Filter.jpg 400w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="282" /></a></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Membranes in Desalination<br /><br />We believe this may be a huge growth area going forward. Desalination is an expensive process currently. An ePTFE layer could be used to allow for evaporated vapours from a salt water reservoir to pass through it and into an upper chamber. Consequently, it would prevent the condensed liquid from re-entering the salt water reservoir. In this manner, the water is separated from the salt using only solar energy. Spread over a wide enough area, this could effectively trap evaporating sea water to convert to fresh water.</li>
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We expect to continue adding to this list as more uses of ePTFE membrane become apparent. One thing we do know is that is a material of the future and that being able to modify and customise its texture and form would be a key proprietary skill going forward.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-72297897130253948072017-05-09T12:38:00.000+05:302019-08-09T16:17:01.492+05:30PTFE Pricing – Is volatility making a comeback?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">An introduction to PTFE Pricing</strong></div>
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Being a niche industry, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/products/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> doesn’t exactly get a lot of press even when large shock waves surge through it, disrupting the operations of manufacturers and end-users alike.</div>
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In 2010-11, the price of virgin PTFE began climbing, after having dipped consistently over the preceding 5 years. What started out as an understandable correction soon turned into an all-out crisis, as the price nearly quintupled over the next 8-10 months.</div>
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Imagine that scenario in any other industry. If the steel price to see a 5x increase in less than a year, what horrors would that unleash into the broader market? That the PTFE industry survived is a testament to the incredible properties of the material, that make it so difficult to substitute using other polymers.</div>
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To make matters worse, since the industry is small, there was no one to really make sense of the economic factors driving the price increases.</div>
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We stepped in at that time, partly driven by our own need to analyse the situation, but also because the information we collected seemed like it would be useful to other industry players.</div>
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Many articles were released between 2011 and 2013 that charted the various drivers of PTFE pricing and made sense of the driver that would play out going forward.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">April 2011 –</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/whats-the-matter-with-ptfe-prices/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank">What’s the matter with PTFE prices?</a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">May 2011 – <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/the-mysterious-relationship-between-fluorspar-and-ptfe-prices/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank">The mysterious relationship between Fluorspar and PTFE prices</a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">August 2011 –</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/mapping-the-ptfe-price-increase/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank">Mapping the PTFE Price Increase</a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">December 2011 – <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/ptfe-pricing-again-is-there-another-price-hike-in-the-offing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank">PTFE Pricing Again – is there another price hike in the offing?</a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; overflow-wrap: break-word;">March 2012 –</strong><span style="color: #565656;"> </span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/ptfe-prices-taking-a-step-back-to-leap-forward/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6fa8dc;">PTFE Prices – taking a step back to leap forward?</span></a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">February 2013 –</strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/mapping-the-ptfe-price-increase/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-line: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank">Mapping the PTFE Price Increase – An Update</a></strong></div>
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Over the past few months, there have been murmurs of a return to the high pricing seen in 2011. Resin suppliers have offered ample warning that a price revision was imminent. So far, this has translated into 2 price corrections to the extent of 10-15% and 8-10% in the months of April and May respectively.</div>
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We need to compare this with the escalations seen in 2011-12 and understand that the rise is not quite so sharp. Nonetheless, we also need to compare the cost drivers and ensure that the same pattern is not repeating.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Key Drivers of PTFE Price</strong></div>
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Unlike other polymers – such as polythene, polypropylene and polycarbonates, PTFE does not result as a by-product of the oil refining process. This comes as a shock to many, who assume that our fates are tied to oil prices and that we should therefore be benchmarking our final rates accordingly.</div>
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PTFE is made from the polymerisation of R22 gas – a refrigerant that finds its use mainly in the air conditioning and refrigerator industries. As a result, PTFE prices are driven by the demand and supply of R22.</div>
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When prices started increasing in 2011, the key driver was thought to be Fluorspar – a mineral that is critical to the manufacture of R22. In conjunction with this, a spike in demand from the AC and refrigerator markets in China along with a general crackdown on R22 usage (as it is not an environmentally friendly gas) caused prices to shoot up.</div>
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Today, the scenario is slightly different.</div>
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For one – we’re over halfway through the summer, so we’re not likely to see any shocks due to AC and refrigerator demand. Furthermore, Fluorspar supply has also regularised. A key effect of the price increase in 2011 was that idle Fluorspar mines in South Africa were reopened, offering an easing of supply to the market that was otherwise dominated by China.</div>
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If industry insiders are to be believed, the key driver this time around is environmental. China has been actively seeking to clamp down on R22 usage and has, in the process, shut down two PTFE plants that were not adhering to the standards. It is from here than the supply constraint has originated, driving up PTFE raw material prices within China. Obviously, as the China price is usually the floor price for most goods in the world, this has allowed resin manufacturers around the world to increase rates accordingly.</div>
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Where the prices go from here depend on three factors:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Whether the shut-down plants will be coming back on line after making the necessary changes<br /><br />It is yet unclear if the plants have been permanently shut down or are only undergoing an overhaul to make them compliant with the environmental codes. If they do come back online within the next 6-8 months, we would see a return to lower prices</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Whether the move to phase out R22 will go as scheduled<br /><br />R22 is being phased out not only in China, but all over the world. India has also committed to stop using the gas completely by 2032. If this phase out continues, it could result in a supply surplus to the PTFE industry, driving down prices. However, if the use of R22 in PTFE is itself restricted, then it would require a shift to alternatives of R22, which would be <br /><br />expensive.Currently, as there is no talk of restricting R22 in PTFE specifically, it is likely that the former would result</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Price inelasticity of PTFE<br /><br />In 2011, one thing that was made clear was that even at 5x multiples, there was still demand for PTFE resins. This allowed the resin manufacturers to continue increasing prices well above the rates that would have resulted from purely economic factors.</li>
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Ultimately, it was due to competition from China that forced prices back to normal levels.</div>
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In the short term, it is likely that resin suppliers will again try and test the market to see what levels they can sustain at. With the threat of China temporality removed, it remains to be seen how far they will push the market.</div>
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We only have snippets of information at this point to make sense of the situation. Clearly, with PTFE being used in so many fields, this poses some concern to many industries. We will be keeping our ears to the ground to see if anything else come up.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-38029906347359635512017-02-01T13:22:00.002+05:302017-07-12T13:46:45.164+05:30End Properties and Characteristics of PTFE (Teflon) Tubing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The development of a new process or product is usually accompanied by a steep learning curve.</div>
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Some of the findings are obvious, and may even be accessible in the public domain. Others are less easily understood and might be specific to the manufacturer due to the nature of the set-up, the environment and the materials used.</div>
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Our recent installation of a continuous line <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE Paste Extruder</a> has thrown up many such findings. At each stage, we have needed to evaluate whether the finding impacts the properties of the final product. Given the fact that globally, very few companies manufacture <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tubes</a>, our access to external information is limited. Thus, trial and error has been the key to fine tuning the extrusion process and derive a product of consistently good quality.</div>
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Our journey in developing the product confirms that much of what is learnt needs to be kept proprietary, as it is part of a rich process technology not easily obtained. However, in doing so, we have also studied the final characteristics of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tube</a> and tried to make sense of what properties go in to define a tube of good quality.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Properties of PTFE Tube</a></strong></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"></strong>When clients approach us with enquiries for PTFE Tubing, they are primarily concerned with 3 factors. Each of these factors plays back into how the <a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/ptfe-tube-properties-characteristics/">PTFE tube</a> is processed and has relevance to the end-application in questions</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Dimensional stability</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
The outer and inner diameters of the tube (OD and ID) are of utmost importance. In almost all cases, the tube will be used in an assembly, where fittings have been designed to accommodate the tube in question. Although minor variations in dimension may be accommodated, the tube needs to adhere to the fitments used with it.</div>
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We have observed that when high quality resins are used, the dimensional stability during extrusion is highly predictable and easily maintained within a tolerance of 50 microns (0.05mm). Certain Chinese resins, when extruded, do not maintain this integrity. So, a tube with a required OD of 6mm may sometimes measure at 5.9mm and at other times measure to 6.2mm, despite all other parameters remaining unchanged.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Burst Pressure</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
In applications involving high pressures, it is important that the tube does not yield during service.</div>
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An easy formula to calculate the burst pressure is as follows:</div>
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<a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Burst-Pressure.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ptfe tube burst pressure" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-299" height="140" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Burst-Pressure-300x140.png" srcset="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Burst-Pressure-300x140.png 300w, https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Burst-Pressure.png 473w" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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There are two critical parameters here that define the effectiveness of the formula.</div>
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The first is the tensile strength – which is denoted by “T”. In most cases, we are told to take a tensile strength of 25Mpa for this value. Our own testing indicates a tensile strength of 28-31Mpa on our tubes, meaning that the value of 25Mpa is safe to use. However, tube that is not properly processed can often have a tensile strength of less than 20Mpa. This means that while a manufacturer may use the value of 25Mpa for calculation, the actual burst pressure is at least 20% lower.</div>
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The other factor – that does not even feature in this formula is the concentricity of the tube. <a href="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/ptfe-tube-properties-characteristics/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE tube</a> that is non-concentric will show a higher wall thickness on one side as compare to the other side. It will not have the same burst pressure of good quality tubes, even though the ID and OD may be the same. This issue also results in problems when we try and braid the PTFE Tube using stainless steel. The unevenness in wall thickness causes one side of the tube to collapse during braiding due to the pressure applied by the stainless steel.</div>
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As a rule, we try and maintain a concentricity exceeding 95%.</div>
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Calculating concentricity is quite simple. It is the ratio of the minimum wall thickness to the maximum wall thickness of the PTFE Tube. So a <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">6mm x 4mm PTFE tube</a>, which has a wall thickness of 1mm, would need to have a tolerance of +/-0.025 to attain such a degree of concentricity.</div>
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We have observed many tubes where the concentricity varies by up to 0.1mm on the wall thickness (implying a concentricity of only 81% on a 6mm x 4mm tube). While some applications may be fine with this level, it is up to the manufacturer to inform the client regarding the same, as the client may not always be aware of how critical this parameter is in the final application.</div>
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Both concentricity and tensile strength are end properties derived from how the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">tube</a> is processed during extrusion. Factors such as blending, extrusion pressure and sintering all lend themselves to arriving at a tensile strength acceptable by global standards. Similarly, extrusion speed, alignment and the blending process all play a part in ensuring concentricity exceeds 95%.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Visual</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
Good quality PTFE tube will have a smooth even surface without any pitting, waviness or discolouration. Visually, concentricity also plays a part, as a tube that is significantly off-centre will usually raise concerns from the client.</div>
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We have already looked at how concentricity is influenced by the extrusion process. Similarly, factors such as quantity of extrusion aid, extrusion speed and pressure, finish on the die and sintering temperatures all weight in on how the tube appears.</div>
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Invariably, visual factors such as pitting, waviness and discolouration will give clues as to the fundamental properties such as tensile strength, elongation and dielectric strength. Hence, these need to be evaluated no just from a cosmetic point of view, but also in terms of what characteristics of the final product are being diminished due to the appearance of visual indicators.</div>
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It should be noted that the above characteristics cover only the very basic aspects of PTFE tubing. Products such as anti-static tubing, ePTFE tubing and <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/specialised-tubing-products/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">convoluted tubing</a> will each bring a new set of challenges that will need to be studied from first principles.</div>
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For the time being, we are satisfied to have attained global quality standards on characteristics that drive a majority of the demand for PTFE tubes.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-29371678827335893732016-09-29T12:09:00.000+05:302017-07-12T13:52:22.687+05:30PEEK filled PTFE – A Useful Blend<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The blending of polymers with additives is a common practice. There are very few materials that are used purely in their virgin form and <a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/products.php" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE</a> is no exception here. Adding materials such a bronze, carbon and glass (to name but a few) have allowed us to augment the properties of PTFE to suit specific applications. In each case, we sacrifice some element of the original property of the PTFE, but enhance another. To take the case of bronze – the addition significantly increases the coefficient of friction of the PTFE and eliminates all electrical insulation properties. However, this is offset by a large and highly sought after increase in wear and hardness. Hence bronze filled PTFE is a preferred compound for a number of automotive and industrial applications.</div>
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In exploring what different additives do to the final properties of PTFE, we have found literature relating to materials such as those above, as well as less used additives such as molybdenum-di-sulphide, ekonol, stainless steel and graphite.</div>
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With the addition of <a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/products.php" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">PEEK</a>, however, we find few sources with which to refer to on properties. While we do receive many requests for PEEK filled PTFE, the actual test data to support the compound is not easily obtained.</div>
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A 2006 paper titled: “A low friction and ultra-low wear rate PEEK/PTFE composite”, by David L. Burris, W. Gregory Sawyer, is all we have to refer to in this respect, but we will see that there are sufficient insights to help any OEM designer to assess the exact composition needed.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">PTFE with PEEK fillers</strong></div>
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We have come across a few applications where PEEK filled PTFE is the requested material. In most cases, what we receive is only a sample from the client. The light brown colour combined with the fact that the material “feels like”PTFE, is usually all we have to go with. Usually, the compound is used in sealing applications where high RPMs are involved.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Blending PEEK and PTFE</strong></div>
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Unlike most other additives, PEEK blends with PTFE quite effortlessly. The lower particle size of PEEK (about 5microns against 25microns for PTFE) means that the grains of loose PEEK powder flow easily in between the PTFE grains and allow for a reasonably good blend. Further mixing is needed to ensure that the blend is uniform, but in our experience, it was less of a challenge to blend PEEK with PTFE than to blend pigments with PTFE.</div>
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Processing the material requires some minor fine tuning in the sintering cycle. However, when done properly, the resulting product is a very light brown that machines easily and offers some interesting properties.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Properties of PEEK filled PTFE</strong></div>
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The paper by David L. Burris, W. Gregory Sawyer only looks into the wear and coefficient of friction of the blends of PEEK with PTFE. The paper looks at ratios (by weight) of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 70%. The results obtained can be seen on the graphs below.</div>
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<u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Coefficient of friction</u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj45HbJRTDwJnDTsTF9cG7RH9KnfgIve4cGKvSlCtxt4yDIuN7HVAVxF0-7furjWF3QOsXNdWTjNXJ9bKMEzQr7MXtO98R1TZ8jHeO_xuhM8RFplNJGHA3d-Db_FTf2AbF_nrXYMERhA8A/s1600/Coeffient+of+Friction.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj45HbJRTDwJnDTsTF9cG7RH9KnfgIve4cGKvSlCtxt4yDIuN7HVAVxF0-7furjWF3QOsXNdWTjNXJ9bKMEzQr7MXtO98R1TZ8jHeO_xuhM8RFplNJGHA3d-Db_FTf2AbF_nrXYMERhA8A/s320/Coeffient+of+Friction.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_265" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_265" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: "open sans", HelveticaNeue, "Helvetica Neue", arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 300px; word-wrap: break-word;"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_265" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Coefficient of Friction – PEEK filled PTFE</figcaption></figure><br />
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PTFE has a lower coefficient of friction than PEEK, so it would be reasonable to assume that the value keeps increasing with the addition of more PEEK. However, it is surprising to note that the coefficient is lowest at 50% of PEEK – at about 0.12.</div>
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It is important to mention than even at its lowest, the coefficient of friction is still much higher than for pure virgin PTFE(between 0.03-0.05). However, from a design standpoint, it is useful to know that adding a very small amount of PEEK is not the key to keeping the overall coefficient of friction as low as possible.</div>
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<u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Wear resistance</u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMkXNy9eGkpvbkRkvhu_ADdORP4tEm7-j92RCIuKY5dyXd0ty7bKnZzMhpfg2IsAjlgjXcCZtvpOoW1Q7mIkz35AOtEG86SuJfU_XXcyUr_GgcQxb0EiF_BP2HS3z22X6E70CxE4HKAw/s1600/Wear+rate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMkXNy9eGkpvbkRkvhu_ADdORP4tEm7-j92RCIuKY5dyXd0ty7bKnZzMhpfg2IsAjlgjXcCZtvpOoW1Q7mIkz35AOtEG86SuJfU_XXcyUr_GgcQxb0EiF_BP2HS3z22X6E70CxE4HKAw/s320/Wear+rate.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_266" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Wear Resistance – PEEK filled PTFE</figcaption></figure><br />
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Again, given that virgin PEEK has better wear resistance when compared with virgin PTFE, we would assume that adding more PEEK keep improving this property. However, we again see that the best performing blend is PTFE+32% PEEK.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Conclusion</strong></div>
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The above findings are useful from the point of view of grade selection. If an OEM wishes to design a <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/seals/">seal</a> using a combination that minimises the coefficient of friction and wear rates, they would be better off using a filler percentage close to 40%.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-17854267403661963632016-03-01T15:08:00.001+05:302019-07-31T18:39:50.395+05:30Charting ePTFE (expanded PTFE) Specifications as per Global Standards<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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One of the toughest things about being the first in a given field is that there is so little data available for testing against.</div>
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As the only Indian company manufacturing <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a9ad9;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial;">ePTFE</span></span> (<span style="color: #3a9ad9;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial;">expanded PTFE</span></span>) <span style="color: #3a9ad9;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial;">gasket tapes</span></span></a>, we are constantly met with questions regarding how the properties of our material hold up against those of competing brands operating in Europe and the USA. However, since the material is so new, there do not exist any established testing standards locally for us to check the product.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Basic Initial Data</u></strong></div>
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To counter this, we initially took up the task of importing tapes from other manufacturers and testing the tensile properties and specific gravity against the same. Initially, we were trying to answer only 2 questions:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">How soft should our tape be?</strong><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Since the extent to which we expand the PTFE can be adjusted, it directly impacts the specific gravity of the end product. For a like-to-like comparison, we were hoping to match this with global brands. We eventually found that the standard density of ePTFE Gasket Tapes is 0.6-0.65g/cm</span><span style="bottom: 1ex; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.2px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">3</span></div>
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It should also be mentioned that some clients have specifically come to us asking whether they can get the tapes even softer, as their application is such that not much force can be applied to the tape. We have obliged – getting the density down to as little as 0.3g/cm<span style="bottom: 1ex; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.2px; height: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; word-wrap: break-word;">3</span> in some cases.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">How strong should our tape be?</strong><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"></strong>ePTFE tape looks great coming out of the machine. It is pure white, soft to touch and very smooth. However, two tapes that look exactly the same, could give completely contrasting values when tested for tensile strength. We found that global brands offered tensile strengths in the range of 5Mpa to 10Mpa.</div>
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Once we standardised our production process, our own tapes showed a tensile strength of 12Mpa, so we were satisfied with the result.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Looking for global standards</u></strong></div>
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Although we were happy with the properties of our material, there were still gaps in our understanding. Most notably, what were the other properties we should be testing? And rather than compare between brands, should there not be a global standard that specified the values we needed to obtain?</div>
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Again, going through competitor data provided very little information on this front. <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank">Expanded PTFE</a> is a very niche market and from our own experience of getting the product right, we know that not much information can be divulged with regards to the behaviour of the material.</div>
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We looked around for global standards and realised that although there are many ASTM standards for regular PTFE, for ePTFE there were none. A few competitors had put up data on compressibility (ASTM F 36) and creep relaxation (ASTM F 38), but these were only comparing values to “leading brands” and not referring to any standard for the values. Others simply quoted the values, but did not elaborate the specifications against which these values would hold up.</div>
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We also went through the certifications that competitor brands were providing. These included:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">DVGW VP 403 – The German standard for checking ePTFE Tapes</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">TUV MUC-KSP-A066 – The TUV Standard for ePTFE</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">BAM – For use in Oxygen rich environments</li>
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We contacted each of these organisations and were given estimates on how much the testing would cost. However, at no point are any values discussed. These remain guarded by the certification bodies. Our worry was that if we sent our material to these bodies without adequately testing them ourselves first – there was a risk that we may have overlooked a certain property and due to this, the product may not pass, resulting in an expensive mistake.</div>
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Eventually, we came upon the one standard that dealt specifically with ePTFE Tapes and was willing to offer values for us to compare against – the AMS 3255A.</div>
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The AMS is globally recognised as a leading authority for aerospace related materials. As such, we felt confident that their values would be stringent and thereby an effective standard to hold ourselves to.</div>
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The AMS 3255A prescribes many types of ePTFE Tape. Our basic tape falls under Class 2, Type 1, which requires the following properties to be met:</div>
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<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Property</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Value/Result</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Unit</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Specific Gravity</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">0.4-1.2</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Tensile Strength</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">3.44</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43">Mpa</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Tensile Strength (Fluid/Thermal Stability)</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">8.27</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43">Mpa</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Low Temperature Flexibility</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">No evidence of cracking</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Liquid Sealability</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">No fluid leakage or loss of pressurization</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="211">Reparability</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="213">No fluid leakage or loss of pressurization</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="43"></td></tr>
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Armed with the above data and the testing procedures prescribed by the AMS 3255A, we were able to test our material in-house to confirm that the properties we were observing were as per the requirements of the standards.</div>
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In addition to this, we were also able to test the material with local certification bodies, to confirm the properties.</div>
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To the best of our knowledge, the AMS 3255A remains the only globally recognised standard to offer any values and/or testing procedures to verify the properties of ePTFE Gasket Tapes.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-56573552499565869342016-02-05T09:16:00.000+05:302019-07-31T18:41:07.492+05:30Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Tapes – Properties and Installation Techniques<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank">ePTFE Tapes</a> are an ideal form-in-place gasket material made from 100% pure virgin PTFE that has been expanded to achieve a foamy structure.</div>
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While we have covered the applications of this earlier and also touched upon some of the variants, we would like to re-explore some of the finer aspects of the material as well as look at the installation in more detail.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Structure</strong></div>
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A number of variables contribute to what we would define as a suitable final product. While the nuances of the production technique are proprietary information, what we can reveal is that the end product, while seemingly uniform, can be anything but.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Specific Gravity</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
In achieving a final product that matches the properties of other ePTFE Gasket Tapes in the market, one of the key properties explored was the density of the material. By varying the process, this parameter can be altered to produce different results. While most commercially available ePTFE Tapes have a specific gravity of 0.6-0.7, we were able to bring this down to 0.3, making the material much softer and more malleable.</div>
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This reduction in density is not always preferred. In applications where the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank">ePTFE</a> is sandwiched between steel elements, you would prefer a higher specific gravity. However, in delicate applications, such as electronics and medicine, we may need to use a gasket or sealing element upon which large pressures cannot be applied as the equipment themselves are fragile. In such cases, a low density tape would be ideal as it would take the shape required with minimal pressure</div>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Thickness</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
Standard ePTFE tapes come in thicknesses starting from 1.5mm. However, certain applications such as cable wrapping and filtration require tapes as low as 0.1mm in thickness. While achieving was not easy, it did allow us to explore the properties of tapes under 1mm in thickness and gauge what made them so different.</div>
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ePTFE Tapes fall somewhere between sintered PTFE tapes (made from skiving a fully sintered PTFE billet) and thread sealant tape (made from calendaring unsintered PTFE strips). As such, they imbibe the electrical properties of skived tapes, while retaining the malleable structure of thread sealant tape. Furthermore, the foamy structure allows for better thermal insulation as compared to both the other variants</div>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Fillers</u><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">
Fillers are commonly used in PTFE to attain variations in final properties. We have experimented with fillers of PEEK and Carbon to reveal variations that significantly improve what the ePTFE tapes are capable of. Carbon allows us to make anti-static tapes, which are used extensively in the manufacture of co-axial cables. PEEK, meanwhile allows for vastly improved wear properties, while not violating any dielectric parameters or FDA parameters.</div>
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In addition to this, we will be looking at fillers of glass and graphite. Each will bring its own unique alterations to the material.</div>
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</ol>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Sizes available</strong></div>
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FluoroFoam ePTFE gasket tape is an ideal solution for flange connections, container rims and any other metal to metal application requiring a compressible, chemically resistant seal.</div>
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The tape comes with one-side adhesive that aids in installation by allowing an exact placement of the gasket lining.</div>
<table style="background-color: #fafafa; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; height: 579px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 100%; width: 625px; word-wrap: break-word;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"></td><td colspan="4" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="287"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Standard Spool Lengths (others on request)</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Size (mm)</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">5m</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">10m</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">25m</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">50m</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">1.5 x 3</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">2 x 5</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">2.5 x 7</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">3 x 10</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">4 x 12</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">5 x 14</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">6 x 17</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">7 x 20</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">5 x 25</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="141"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">5 x 28</strong></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="56"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"><img alt="✔" class="emoji" src="http://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/72x72/2714.png" draggable="false" style="background: none !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important; height: auto; margin: 0px 0.07em !important; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; width: 1em !important; word-wrap: break-word;" /></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #565656; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;" width="77"></td></tr>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Installation guidelines:</strong></div>
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Completely clean the sealing area and remove any dirt, corrosion, oil or leftover from old gasket material.</div>
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Cut one ending of the sealing tape and remove just a little of the protecting paper. Place the tape at the nearest possible position next to the bolts, starting next to a bolt hole. Fit the gasket around the entire flange circumference and across the endings as shown in figure 1.</div>
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Assembled in fragile flanges apply techniques as shown in figure 2. Skive the endings as shown in fig. 3 and overlap according to the recommended overlap length. Cut off the excess, tapering to the end, leaving a total thickness of approx. 120 %.</div>
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At least 4 progressive torque sequences with a torque wrench, in a star of 180° (fig. 1), should follow the first torque by hand.</div>
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Lastly perform a circular torque to check and ensure a tight and long-lasting seal.</div>
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<a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fig-1.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE flange" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-251" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fig-1-300x162.jpg" height="162" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /><img alt="Fig 2" class=" size-medium wp-image-252 alignright" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fig-2-300x164.jpg" height="164" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 0px 20px 30px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fig-3.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="Fig 3" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-253" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fig-3-300x105.jpg" height="105" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;" width="300" /></a></div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Photos of typical applications:</strong></div>
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<figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_247" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_247" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 225px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-Flange.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE Flange" class="size-full wp-image-247" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-Flange.jpg" height="203" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="225" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_247" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">The ePTFE Tape is allowed to overlap at the ends to ensure complete sealing.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;" />Due to the softness of the tape, this overlap is accommodated during compression causing no variation in thickness</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_246" class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_246" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 185px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-Adhesive.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE Adhesive" class="wp-image-246 size-full" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-Adhesive.jpg" height="205" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="185" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_246" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">The one-side adhesive backing allows installation even on vertical surfaces, eliminating the need for grooves, clamps or bolting arrangements.</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_250" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_250" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 247px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-metal-to-metal.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE metal to metal" class="size-full wp-image-250" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-metal-to-metal.jpg" height="186" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="247" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_250" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Metal-to-metal flange connections benefit greatly from the use of FluoroFoam ePTFE.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;" />The ePTFE takes the exact shape of the gap between the two metal members ensuring a perfect seal with minimal effort</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_249" class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_249" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 234px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-heat-exchanger.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE heat exchanger" class="size-full wp-image-249" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-heat-exchanger.jpg" height="148" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="234" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_249" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">Form-in-place ePTFE gasket tape can effectively seal flanges on large shell-and-tube exchangers<br style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;" />Available in running lengths – the tape saves big on cost in areas where large, custom made gaskets would be too expensive</figcaption></figure><figure aria-labelledby="figcaption_attachment_248" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_248" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; color: #656565; font-family: 'open sans', HelveticaNeue, 'Helvetica Neue', arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 1.25em 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: center; width: 193px; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-form-in-place.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE form-in-place" class="size-full wp-image-248" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ePTFE-form-in-place.jpg" height="193" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word;" width="193" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="figcaption_attachment_248" style="background-color: #e2e5e7; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin: 2px 0px 0px; padding: 2px 4px 3px; word-wrap: break-word;">The versatility and texture of the material ensures that there is no shape that cannot be attained.<br style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;" />This adds to the effectiveness as well and reduces costs significantly compared with custom made gasket and sealing solutions</figcaption></figure><br />
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Advantages of FluoroFoam ePTFE Gasket Tape:</strong></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Quick and simple installation: adhesive strip makes installation easier while the shape and versatility of the material means minimal cutting and sizing</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Reduced down time: standard sizes are immediately available ex-stock</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Reduced stock: a few spools of different sizes cover most applications within a plant</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">No risk: the texture of FluoroFoam ensures the material accommodates the shape of the mating member, so there is no chance of the equipment getting damaged by the ePTFE</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Safe: ePTFE is chemically inert and can therefore be used even in the harshest environments without risk of reacting with the surrounding substances</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">No waste: FluoroFoam comes in a spool, so no material gets wasted</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Cost effective – FluoroFoam can be used to replace custom made gaskets that are expensive and made-to-order. This is results in a huge cost saving in larger diameter pipes and vessels.<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;"> </strong></li>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Technical Details:</strong></div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Temperature range: – 240°C up to +260°C, for short periods up to +310°C</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Chemical resistance: resistant against all chemicals from pH 0-14 – except molten alkali metals and elemental fluorine at high temperature and pressure</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Pressure resistance: vacuum up to 200 bar</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Density: 0,65 g/cm³, +/- 0,1g/cm³ (for rectangular cross sections only)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Aging resistance: FluoroFoam itself does not age and is UV-resistant. However, the adhesive backing may lose its effectiveness if kept unused for too long</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Colour: white (other pigments available on demand)</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Fillers: FluoroFoam can be offered in virgin and carbon filled variants</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-left: 2.125em; padding: 0px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">Others: FluoroFoam is physiologically harmless. It has no smell or taste. It is neither contaminating nor toxic. It is made using FDA approved raw materials</li>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-46991700190953792672015-12-15T12:02:00.002+05:302017-07-12T15:16:25.428+05:30Solar Tracker Bearings – Finding the Right Polymer Solution<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Many believe that solar energy is the ideal path to ensuring a green, sustainable future. However, few realise that commercially, their financial viability is constantly threatening those very pioneers who boldly invest their funds into making this vision a reality.</div>
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We were recently asked to review the requirements of a 55 Mega-watt solar power plant in South India. Driving into the plant, one had o admit that the absence of smoke and noise alone made the idea of solar power appealing in contrast to its traditional coal-based variant. Things within the plant were not quite as peaceful. Despite the rated power, the plant was only operating at about 40 MW. This was because the unpredictability of sunlight made the whole operation highly subjective – with engineers having to take a call on whether or not to start the plant based on the extent of cloud cover on the horizon. Starting the plant is a 45-minute process which also consumes a lot of power. Hence, turning the plant on was both an investment in time and money. Unless the resulting power generated justifies this expense, there was no point in turning the system on. Add to this that unlike a coal powered plant – which can run non-stop – solar plants need to shut down at the end of the day. So each day, the financial decision to turn the plant on is visited anew.</div>
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Our own inputs were called upon for two reasons. First, the client was looking for a solution to prevent the shattering of the glass reflecting panels. Panels were arrayed along a stretch, but an irregular spacing between these panels meant that in some cases, the mirrors were too close to one another. In the event of strong winds, there was a high chance that they would collide and shatter. To remedy this, we were asked to look into the prospect of making a polymer fixture that would be sturdy enough to hold the frames of the mirror panels in place. When we inquired why a simple metal rod could not be used, we were informed that the power consumed in having the panels track the sun’s movement was significant – so a metal fixture would only increase the weight further, adding to this expense.</div>
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Another area of requirement was in the <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/solar-tracker-bearings/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">solar tracker bearing</a>. All solar panels have a tracking mechanism to follow the sun’s movement. The mechanism that moves the panels needs to have an effective bearing element that can minimize the static coefficient of friction and endure for an extended period of time. Most specifically, solar tracker bearingsneed to encompass the following:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Self lubrication – since the volumes of these bearings tend to be large, it may not always be possible to lubricate the mechanism regularly. In such a case, self-lubricating bearings are ideal.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Lightweight – as mentioned above, solar plants rely on pockets of sunlight in which they can effectively generate energy. Hence, the aim to maximize the output when the plant is functional is critical to the financial viability of the system. One way to do this is to use materials that place as little load on the mechanisms as possible</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">UV and weather resistant – It goes without saying that any component used in a solar tracker system will be exposed to generous amounts of sunlight. In addition to this, the effects of rain and general weathering would also need to be accommodated. Plants are usually set up with a time horizon of at least 25-30 years. It is reasonable to assume that a good bearing solution will not need replacement during this time frame.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Wear resistance – again, the constant movement of the system entails a wear resistance bearing that will not yield during the life of the plant.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; word-wrap: break-word;">Cost effective – finally, the volume of bearings required in a single plant can be up to 2000 pieces per Mega-watt. This means that cost is also a criterion that must be looked into when designing the same.</li>
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The right polymer solution needs to encompass all the above properties. There currently exist a number of bearing types manufactured by companies in Europe and the USA. Most of these, we are told, rely on a combination of PA6 (Nylon 6) with either glass or molybdenum-di-sulphide. The filler materials provide the wear properties while Nylon 6 is reasonably light-weight, has good self-lubricity and is reasonably priced. In order to make the polymer UV resistant, the material is pigmented black.</div>
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In India, the interest in <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/solar-tracker-bearings/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">polymer solar tracker bearings</a> has recently spiked. While many OEMs are keen to replicate the materials used abroad, care must be taken to ensure that the properties are all met factoring our local conditions.</div>
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Firstly, the harsher weather and heat in India calls for a more robust polymer. In addition to this, the ad hoc nature of the system means that the polymer is subjected to sudden loads, which it must be able to absorb.</div>
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While we have been recommending PA6 to a number of clients, we understand that for India, UHMWPE may be a better option. The material exhibits superior wear properties and has a coefficient of friction comparable to that of PTFE. Compared with PA6, UHMWPE is 20% lighter and is also capable of taking high loads. Finally, a price comparison would also show that UHMWPE is a more cost effective solution.</div>
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It remains to be seen whether the adoption of UHMWPE in solar applications sees any growth. The industry is alive with activity an innovation, so perhaps it is only a matter of time.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-40485129639839150032015-10-09T11:06:00.002+05:302019-07-31T18:42:38.035+05:30ePTFE Applications in Cable Manufacturing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Despite extensive research into a new product, we are often introduced to applications that we had perhaps not considered and which open a whole new avenue of possibilities for the item in question.</div>
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Given the sheer versatility of <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #3a9ad9;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial;">ePTFE</span></span> </a>as a material for sealing, filtration, vibration dampening and corrosion protection, it came as little surprise to us to learn that its electrical properties open up applications into the cabling industry.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE vs PTFE</strong></div>
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ePTFE or Expanded PTFE is a variation of pure or solid PTFE. The material is processed in a way that infuses air into the solid PTFE to give it a spongy, malleable texture that makes it a preferred material for sealing applications. The same texture – being comprised of 70% air, also lends itself to vastly improving electrical conductivity and dielectric strength.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.4rem; word-wrap: break-word;">We already know the properties of pure PTFE in electrical applications make it an insulator of unparalleled effectiveness. The invention of ePTFE resulted in a material that was up to ten times lighter and nearly halved the dielectric constant from 2.1 to 1.3.</span></div>
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So while many high-performance cables use solid PTFE (by way of paste extruding PTFE tube on to a conductive core), wrapping the core in ePTFE offers added possibilities in cabling.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">ePTFE Tapes in Cabling</strong></div>
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ePTFE insulator tape can be made with tightly controlled thicknesses of as little as 0.05mm, with a uniform density, and dielectric constant. Wrapping individual conductors in ePTFE can cut interference, noise, cross-talk, and signal attenuation. In some applications, ePTFE tape helps limit phase shift to 4.3° and signal attenuation to 0.05 dB at 110 GHz.</div>
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High-dielectric ePTFE insulation can be up to 50% thinner than other materials.</div>
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At higher voltages, corona discharge also becomes a concern. We have modified PTFE for better performance in wires carrying 5 kV and higher voltages. Corona-resistant (CR) PTFE eliminates the microscopic voids between conductor and insulation that can be corona- discharge initiation sites, especially in high-altitude, military, and space applications.</div>
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Shielding is the furthest from the cable’s neutral axis, so it sees the greatest flexure stress. Cutting shield-to-conductor and shield-to-jacket friction deters heat generation and keeps stress off the shield.</div>
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Placing ePTFE binders on either side of the shield (with coefficients of friction as low as 0.02) lets each conductor slide past its neighbours and the outer shield with ease, making the cable as a whole more flexible in rotation and torque, and eliminating internal abrasion. Designers who know a cable will not lose strength over time through abrasion can tighten the design envelope and still extend cable life.</div>
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<a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;"><img alt="ePTFE Cable" class=" wp-image-232 aligncenter" src="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ePTFE-Cable-300x172.jpg" height="222" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0.5em auto; max-width: 100%; overflow-wrap: break-word; vertical-align: middle;" width="387" /></a></div>
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Any cable jacket must protect the shields and conductors from the environment and lend extra tensile and flexural strength. Like conductor insulators, jacket layers should be thin, resist tears, withstand fluid attack, and have high tensile strength.</div>
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Many applications use durable polyurethane (PU) jackets. For environments that require low particulation, polyvinylchloride (PVC) may be a better choice.</div>
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Jackets can also be made of ePTFE for additional insulation and resistance to chemical attack. If the cable assembly slides through other machine parts, abrasion-resistant ePTFE is a good choice for extending cable life.</div>
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The advancements in ePTFE manufacture allow for uniformly thick tapes in running lengths of over 1000 meters. This opens up a world of possibilities for cable manufacture that is only now being harnessed around the world.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-16162760789389188122015-07-27T17:13:00.000+05:302017-07-12T17:01:01.709+05:30Lubring (Turcite-B®) – Special Notes on Bonding and Finishing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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As a globally reputed manufacturer of <a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/Lubring_new.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Lubring</a> Slideways (<a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/lubring/">Turcite</a>-B®), we are frequently asked to provide technical assistance with regards to the bonding and finishing of the material.</div>
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Lubring is a slideway bearing material that is used primarily in machine tool building and reconditioning. As such, the machine builder is usually equipped with enough knowhow on the bonding and subsequent planing of the material, such that it forms the most effective bearing surface. However, we often supply to dealers or first time builders, who need more assistance on the bonding process.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Preparation:</strong></div>
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The metal surface to be mounted with Lubring Slideway can be prepared by the normal machining methods such as, grinding, milling, shaping, and planning. The surface roughness of all forms of preparation should be preferably between Ra = 1.6 µm and Ra = 3µm and not more than Ra = 6µm.</div>
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Once roughened the surfaces can be cleaned with Trichloroethylene, Perchloroethylene or Acetone. Slideway bearing material should be cleaned similarly.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Bonding:</strong></div>
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For bonding of <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/lubring/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Lubring</a> Slideway the following resin adhesive can be used: Ciba Geigy’s Araldite – Hardener – HV 953U; Araldite AW106. The Araldite should be applied both to metal and slideway and be spread as uniformly as possible by means of a serrated spatula. To obtain the best dispersion of the adhesive, when spreading on the slideway brush in the longitudinal direction; when spreading on the metal, brush in the transverse direction. The total quantity of bonding should be approximately 200gm per sq. mt.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Hardening:</strong></div>
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After mounting the slideway a clamping pressure of between 0.1 – 0.3 kp/sq.cm is recommended. It is important to keep the pressure constant during the hardening process. Due to the differences in the thermal expansion coefficient of the materials, maximum curing temperature should not exceed 40°C. The hardening time for various temperatures is: 20°C min 15 hours; 25°C min 12 hours; 40°C min 5 hours.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word;">Finishing:</strong></div>
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After curing of the adhesive, the Lubring Slideway can be machined by conventional means. The choice depends on the machinery available viz.: grinding; grindstone.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: underline; word-wrap: break-word;">Grinding</span>: For grinding of Lubring Slideway use the same speed as grinding cast iron, taking care that sufficient cooling is used with an ‘open ’stone. The grindstone should be preferably silicon carbide based with rubber or polyurethane binding; grain size 80-30. Alternatively aluminum oxide with rubber bonding may also be used for soft, fine grinding action, pre-polishing and pre-mating treatment.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: underline; word-wrap: break-word;">Oil Grooves:</span> Lubring Slideway can be machined with oil grooves using the same methods and cutting data as used for cast iron. The form and depth of the oil grooves are optional. However, the oil grooves should never pierce through the Lubring Slideway. Oil grooves should be away from the edges by 6mm.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: underline; word-wrap: break-word;">Metal Mating Surface:</span> The metallic mating surface running against the Lubring Slideway should be finished to 16 Ra for optimum performance. The surface finish must never be below 14 Ra or above 20 Ra as applicable to cast iron or steel. This surface finish should be obtained by grinding in the direction of travel. Do not lap or polish to obtain this surface finish.</div>
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The above parameters provide an effective guideline not just for Lubring, but for bonding all PTFE-related items to metal.</div>
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<a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a9ad9; font-size: 0.85rem; text-decoration: none !important; word-wrap: break-word;">Do visit our website for more details</a></div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-44305505131173244122015-04-29T12:09:00.001+05:302017-07-12T17:05:24.247+05:30A Comparison of Dimensional Stability Among High-Temperature Polymers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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In the world of engineering polymers, plastics capable of withstanding temperatures above 150°C come at a price. While Polyamides, <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/products/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">POM</a> (Delrin<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span>), and PVDF (Kynar<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span>) are all well suited to temperatures within this barrier, when we look beyond we find the options become rather expensive.</div>
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Polymers that can accommodate higher temperatures, such as PTFE, PEEK and Polyimides tend to be in the range of 3x-20x the price of lesser plastics. As a result, the cost implications of designing a system using high-temperature polymers are significant.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">What do we mean by high-temperature polymer?</span></strong></div>
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While the phrase seems fairly self-explanatory, <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/specialised-polymer-components/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">high-temperature polymers</a> need to be further evaluated to understand exactly how they behave. Usually, an OEM or product designer will look for the continuous service temperature to assure themselves that a part made using the polymer can withstand the conditions it will be subjected to.</div>
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<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Polymer</strong></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Common Brand Name</strong></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Glass Transition Temperature (°C)</strong></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Continuous Service Temperature (°C)</strong></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Melting Point (°C)</strong></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">PTFE</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Teflon<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">-20</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">260</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">375</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">PEEK</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Victrex<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span>/Ketaspire<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">150</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">250</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">340</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">Polyimide (PI)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Kapton<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">400</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">450</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">NA</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">Polyetherimide (PEI)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Ultem<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">220</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">185</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">250</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">Polysulfone (PSU)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Udel<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">190</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">170</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">350</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="112">Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="120">Radel<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">®</span></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="113">220</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="121">180</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="71">370</td></tr>
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However, for the component manufacturer, the service temperature is less relevant than the melting point and the glass transition temperature of the material. This is because these are the temperatures that directly impact the production of the component – both in molding as well as machining. We will be focusing here on glass transition temperatures and trying to understand how this metric needs to be used in component design and manufacture.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">What is glass transition?</span></strong></div>
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Put simply, a material moves from crystalline to amorphous states beyond its glass transition temperature. All polymers, when in a crystalline state, have internal stresses that keep it dimensionally stable. These stresses are a culmination of the inherent molecular arrangement of the molded shape and further stresses lent to it during the machining stage. Heating the part above the glass transition point causes the molecules to realign, thereby relieving the stresses and causing dimensional changes to the part. As stress due to machining can be significant, most polymers are subjected to an annealing cycle prior to machining, to ensure that the stress build up does not cause the part to crack during the process. Polymers such as <a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/products/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PEEK</a> will crack under so little as a simple turning operation of not annealed beforehand.</div>
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The stresses are very relevant for machined components, as it ensures that machined parts subjected to temperatures within their glass transition point will not deviate dimensionally. However, it is equally true that in the event of higher temperatures, the deviation may result in part failure. This is typically the case for highly machined components.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Consideration for Dimensional Stability</span></strong></div>
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Our experience with dimensional stability rests around the use of PTFE and PEEK. Both polymers behave very differently both during machining and after. We shall look at them one by one.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">PTFE</span></div>
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Among high temperature polymers, PTFE is unique in that it has a glass transition temperature under 0°C. The implication of this is that PTFE is generally amorphous even at room temperature and therefore does not suffer the internal stresses that other polymers do. As a result, PTFE typically does not require annealing, although it is still done as a means to improve the hardness of the material. No internal stresses mean that the material undergoes minimal duress during machining and any cracking of the machined part is avoided.</div>
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The flip side of this property is that PTFE has a very weak dimensional stability when subject to applications where a high range in temperatures may be present. While PTFE can easily withstand high temperatures, close tolerances would need to be abandoned when subjecting it to these conditions as the material itself experiences an up to 3% deviation in linear dimensions between 0 and 100°C.</div>
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So although PTFE is capable of surviving the harshest of environments, a PTFE part machined with close tolerances is usually employed only in areas where the temperature, while high, must remain range bound within +/-15°C.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">PEEK</span></div>
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In contrast to PTFE, achieving close dimensional tolerances in PEEK and difficult due to the constant build up of stress during machining. In our own experience, PEEK parts may sometimes need to be annealed multiple times to ensure that after each stage of machining, the internal stresses are adequately relieved so that the part does not crack/deform after the next stage.</div>
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Unlike PTFE, which constantly gives off heat as it is applied to it, PEEK needs external help in cooling it down. As a result, the use of a coolant is common in PEEK machining and helps reduce the extent of stress induced in the part.</div>
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Finally, while close tolerances of up to +/-0.01mm have been achieved on PEEK parts, there is no guarantee these tolerances will be retained should the part be subjected to a temperature above its glass transition point during application. In such an event, stresses induced during the final operation of machining will relieve themselves and cause the molecules within the PEEK material to realign slightly, causing dimensional deviations in the part.</div>
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So given the above hazards, why are PTFE and PEEK still so widely used? One reason is that there exist very few applications where strict dimensional stability in temperatures above 200°C are a co-requisite. Hence, we have applications of high temperature where the dimensional tolerances tend to be very lax and we have applications with tight machining tolerances, where the part may experience a maximum temperature of only 150-160°C.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-42785329415059394202015-03-05T12:03:00.000+05:302019-07-31T18:44:00.879+05:30Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) Joint Sealant – A miracle product with varied applications<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Starting 2015, Poly Fluoro Ltd. will be among the few companies globally, with the capability to manufacture <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-tape/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit;"><span style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial;">expanded PTFE (ePTFE)</span></span>.</a></div>
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While the uses of ePTFE are numerous, it falls upon a select few manufacturers to produce this material. As we have covered in an earlier article, the production of ePTFE is as diverse as its applications. Some of the variants that exist include:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mono-axially stretched ePTFE tape</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bi-axially stretched ePTFE tape and sheet</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-membranes/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ePTFE membranes</a></li>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ePTFE gland packing</li>
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Each of these products comes with unique production methods and specific nuances. However, the most commonly used variant at this point is the mono-axially stretched ePTFE tape.</div>
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<a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ePTFE-1.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ePTFE 1" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-196" height="270" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ePTFE-1-300x270.jpg" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); height: auto; margin-top: 0.4em; max-width: 97.5%; padding: 6px;" width="300" /></a> <a href="http://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ePTFE-2.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="ePTFE 2" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-197" height="300" src="https://www.polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ePTFE-2-230x300.jpg" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); height: auto; margin-top: 0.4em; max-width: 97.5%; padding: 6px;" width="230" /></a></div>
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ePTFE tape – also referred to as <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe-joint-sealant/" target="_blank">ePTFE joint sealant</a> or PTFE Gasket Tape, is widely used for creating a sealing joint between pipes and other mating metal parts. Specifically, as a chemically inert material, this tape finds application in chemical plants, biotech plants and oil and gas pipelines. In fact, any pipe-lining application, where two pipes are connected using flanges, would benefit from using ePTFE tape, as the pliable nature of the material ensures that no gaps are left unfilled.</div>
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The tape has a soft texture and is easily compressed. Typically, the compression set of the tape is one of the parameters that define the material. The tape needs to be soft enough to compress under minimal load and ensure that it decompresses just enough to guarantee a complete sealing. At the same time, the tape needs to have adequate tensile and compressive strengths to allow for heavy loads to work upon it, without fatigue. In addition to its excellent chemical resistance, ePTFE tape also has a high temperature resistance, which allows it to be employed in applications involving high temperature fluid transfer.</div>
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ePTFE tape comes in 2 variants: adhesive and non-adhesive. The application of the adhesive is not highly complicated, but for on-site convenience, it is preferred as else the installation of the tape is difficult.</div>
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The application of the tape is very simple. As the visual below shows, the tape is laid along the flange and allowed to overlap at the ends. The soft texture of the tape means that at the point of overlap, the tape does not bulge once compressed, by simply compressed further to make a uniform seal.</div>
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ePTFE joint sealant tape is among the most sought after materials for all sealing applications.</div>
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<a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/eptfe/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Visit our website for more details</a></div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-44025500671559174932015-01-22T10:49:00.001+05:302017-07-12T17:10:37.723+05:30PTFE Tubing: Process Parameters And Their Impact<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PTFE Tube</a> extrusion is among the most difficult processes within the polymer space. All polymers have their peculiarities and these certainly play a part in both their processing and machining. But PTFE tube comes with a set of so many different process parameters, that finding a combination that works consistently is something that not every tube manufacturer is able to discover. We have undertaken so many trials on tubes, each time assuming that we have looked into all the aspect. However, even after years of manufacturing, a new parameter may present itself that had hitherto gone unnoticed.</div>
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We would like to take a look at some of these parameters and their effect on the end-product:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Handling<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Handling resin is among the most easily overlooked aspects of PTFE processing. While many resin manufacturers specifically lay out guidelines for limiting the shear on the resin before processing, these become even more important where tubing is concerned. Due to the structure of PTFE tubing, the fibrils that form during extrusion are paramount to the strength of the final tubing. Excessive shearing of the resin before extrusion can cause a poor formation of fibrils and seriously hinder the achievement of good final properties</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Blending<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The parameters within blending include the type of extrusion aid used (the surface tension of the aid needs to be less than that of PTFE, while also not having a volatility and/or flash point that can cause fires during sintering), the amount of extrusion aid used, the RPM of the blending process and the post blending storage of the fine power mixture. Since our unit is in India, we need to follow a slightly different process to that in colder countries. For starters, we need to artificially cool the resin to allow of a more easy mixture of the PTFE with the extrusion aid. Such nuances are only learnt through extensive trial and error. But unless the blending is done in the correct manner, the final extrudate will be either too soft or too dry. Furthermore, unless the blend is uniform, the preform billet will have uneven densities, causing issues during extrusion.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Preforming<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Preforming is done purely as a means to create a shape that can be fitted into the extruder. Preforming has two functions: first, it gives shape and second, it removes any air pockets from within the material. The process needs to be done keeping in mind that too little pressure will not allow for an adequate venting of the air within the material. Air pockets result in bursts during the extrusion, which damage the tubing and render it unusable. Too much pressure and the extrusion aid may get squeezed out of the preform, causing the extrudate to be too dry and increasing the extrusion pressure required to form the tube.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Extrusion<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
While extrusion is understandably the most important step, by the time the preform billet is loaded into the extruder, the preceding processes have already defined a lot of the tube’s final characteristics. Nonetheless, extrusion offers the tube it’s final shape and this process needs to maintain both adequate pressure on the billet while ensuring the concentricity of the final tube. If the pressure is too high or too low, the tube will experience either too much shear, or too little pressure to form a proper end-product respectively. Concentricity is dependent not only on the tooling within the extruder (which needs to be precise and offer the correct extrusion angles depending on the size of the tube being drawn), but also on the uniformity of the billet’s density (discussed above). Finally, the extruder itself needs to be capable of offering a uniform load, so as to ensure the billet is under constant and non-erratic pressure throughout the extrusion run.</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sintering<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
When heating the tube, the temperature needs to account for both a drying section as well as a sintering section. The drying section needs to be warm enough to evaporate all traces of vapour from the tube. At the same time, if it is too warm, there is a risk of the vapours igniting.</div>
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Sintering needs to account for the fact that if the tube is heated too quickly, there is a chance of over-sintering. Also, although PTFE does not melt, it may under its own weight, elongate during sintering, causing dimensional deviations. Therefore the temperature has to be sent to ensure that the PTFE reaches its ‘gel state’ just before it leaves the sintering chamber, so it can cool down at room temperature.</div>
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Aside from the above-mentioned parameters, <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tubing/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PTFE tube</a> also undergoes pigmentation, addition of anti-static fillers and extrusion of specific profiles. Each of these needs to re-look at all of the above processes and understand how they need to be modified to allow for a proper end-result.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-62697398594219913652014-09-04T11:42:00.001+05:302017-07-12T17:15:01.738+05:30Kynar – The universal polymer<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Among fluoropolymers, there are few with the processing versatility as Kynar (PVDF). Kynar – or polyvinylidene fluoride – is particularly useful because it lends itself to numerous applications while also allowing itself to be processed in a number of different methods.</div>
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While <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/products/">PTFE</a> shares – and possibly exceeds – the range of Kynar when it comes to multiple applications, the fact that PTFE cannot be melt processed means there are limitations in part shape and design. It is here that Kynar comes out ahead.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Product Properties</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) offers the user the option to combine rigid and flexible materials when processing. As a material of construction for pumps and pipes, it exhibits excellent resistance to abrasion. Kynar (PVDF) can also be manufactured in thin, flexible and transparent sections such as films, filament, and tubing. Unlike many polymers (including PTFE) the material is unaffected by sunlight and can therefore be used in an exposed condition outdoors without the risk of degradation.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Strength and toughness</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) is inherently strong and tough as reflected by its tensile properties and impact strength. An ambient temperature tensile strength at yield of 35-55 MPa and an un-notched impact strength of 800-4270 kJ/m offered by select resins emphasize this. These characteristics are retained over a wide range of temperatures.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Creep properties</strong></div>
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Compared to many thermoplastics, Kynar (PVDF) has excellent resistance to tensile creep and fatigue. The long-term resistance of Kynar (PVDF) to flexural creep at elevated temperatures is significant. Kynar (PVDF) is suitable for many applications in which load bearing characteristics are important. Likewise, the short-term flexural creep resistance of the material reflects superior load bearing performance.</div>
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Kynar (PVDF) is rigid and resistant to creep under mechanical stress and load.</div>
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It is able to maintain a low tensile creep when subjected to constant stress. For example, when Kynar (PVDF) is subjected to a stress of 0.69 MPa (100 psi), the resin is able to maintain outstanding resistance even at temperatures as high as 140°C.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Temperature resistance</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) exhibits high thermal stability. Prolonged exposure at 250°C in air does not lead to weight loss. No oxidative or thermal degradation has been detected during continuous exposure to 150°C for a period of ten years.</div>
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In general, Kynar (PVDF) is one of the easiest fluoropolymers to process. The resins can be recycled up to three times without detriment to their mechanical properties because Kynar (PVDF) is inherently thermally stable and does not contain additives. Similar to most thermoplastics, Kynar (PVDF) resins discolour and degrade during processing if the processing temperature is too high, the residence time is too long, or the shear rate is too high.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Electrical properties</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) exhibits a combination of high dielectric strength and excellent mechanical properties over a broad temperature range. This has led Kynar (PVDF) to be used for thin-wall primary insulation and as a jacket for industrial control wiring. Kynar (PVDF) has a high dissipation factor that lends an advantage as a material for parts requiring dielectric high heating strengths such as impedance welding. With proper shielding, Kynar (PVDF) can be used as jacketing for high frequency data cables because of its excellent flame and smoke performance.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chemical resistance</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) is chemically resistant to a wide range of chemicals. Most acids and acid mixtures, weak bases, halogens, halogenated solvents, hydrocarbons, alcohols, salts and oxidants pose little problem for Kynar (PVDF).</div>
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Many factors can affect a material’s chemical resistance. These include, but are not limited to, exposure time, chemical concentration, extreme temperature and pressure, frequency of temperature and pressure cycling, attrition due to abrasive particles, and the type of mechanical stress imposed. The fact that certain combinations of chemical exposure and mechanical load can induce stress cracking in many otherwise chemically resistant materials, both metallic and non-metallic, is of particular significance. In general, the broad molecular weight distribution of Kynar (PVDF) results in greater resistance to stress cracking.</div>
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Factors such as permeability and adhesion affect the chemical resistance of Kynar (PVDF)coatings. Consequently, coatings may not exhibit exactly the same properties as melt-processed resins. Maximum use temperature for dispersion-applied or powder coatings should not exceed 100°C (212°F).</div>
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However, assuming chemical resistance is still adequate, laminated systems can be used from 120°- 135°C (248°- 275°F).</div>
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Operating parameters are dependent on the particular application of Kynar (PVDF) and differ from those experienced in either laboratory testing or apparently similar field service. Because corrosive fluids or vapours are often mixtures of various individual chemicals, it is strongly recommended that trial installations be evaluated under actual service conditions. For example, immersion testing of Kynar (PVDF) in individual chemicals at a specific operating temperature, will not necessarily predict the performance of fabricated components when they are exposed to an exothermic reaction between the individual chemicals.</div>
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<a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Kynar-Chemical-Resistance.png" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="kynar chemical resistance" class="alignnone wp-image-173" height="441" src="https://polyfluoroltd.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Kynar-Chemical-Resistance-300x180.png" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); height: auto; margin-top: 0.4em; max-width: 97.5%; padding: 6px;" width="724" /></a></div>
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The chemical resistance of Kynar (PVDF) is indicated in the chart below. In this chart, the behaviour of Kynar (PVDF) at 93°C (200°F) in contact with nine general chemical species is compared with that of other well-known plastics. The rating system ranges from unacceptable severe attack in the outer segment of the circle to excellent (inert) in the bull’s-eye.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Environmental properties</strong></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) films up to 0.125 mm thick are translucent to transparent.</div>
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The material shows excellent resistance to UV and film thicknesses above 0.5mm have been shown to completely block UV rays of wavelengths less than 250 Nm.</div>
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Many years of outdoor exposure in direct sunlight have little effect on the physical properties of Kynar (PVDF). However, some increases in tensile strength and reduction in elongation do occur over time.</div>
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Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent characterized by a high degree of chemical instability.Kynar (PVDF) offers excellent chemical resistance to ozone exposure.</div>
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Kynar (PVDF) is also highly resistant to fungi and does not support the growth of the same.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Resistance to nuclear radiation</strong></div>
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The resistance of Kynar (PVDF) to nuclear radiation is excellent. The original tensile strength of the resin is essentially unchanged after exposure to 100 megarads (Mrads) of gamma radiation from a Cobalt-60 source at 50°C (122°F) and in high vacuum (10 -6 torr). The impact strength and elongation are slightly reduced due to cross-linking.</div>
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This stability to effects of radiation, combined with chemical resistance, has resulted in the successful use of Kynar (PVDF) components in nuclear reclamation plants.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Processing methods</strong></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Extrusion</span></div>
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Smooth Kynar (PVDF) products of all types can be extruded at high rates without extrusion aids, lubricants or heat stabilisers. Resins can be processed on standard equipment with materials of construction similar to those used to process PVC or polypropylene. Drying of Kynar (PVDF) is usually not required; however, it has been shown to reduce some surface blemishes in film, sheet and pipe extrusion.</div>
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The extrusion process lends itself to the production of rods, tubes, pipes and profiles.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Injection moulding</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) can be injection moulded to produce more intricate parts than can be achieved via machining.</div>
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Standard injection moulding equipment and tooling can be used to process Kynar (PVDF)resin. No specialty materials of construction are required, but chrome or nickel plating of polymer contact surfaces is recommended to prevent pitting.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Applications</strong></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Industrial</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) components are used extensively in:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">high purity semiconductor marke<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">t</strong></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pulp and paper industry</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nuclear waste processing</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the general chemical processing industry</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">water treatment membranes</li>
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Kynar (PVDF) finds preference as a pipe lining and tank lining material in plants handling corrosive chemicals.</div>
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Kynar (PVDF) also meets specifications for food and pharmaceutical processing industries.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Foams</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) closed cell foams are available in sheets or rolls. Kynar (PVDF) foams are of very high purity, very low flammability and are UV and corrosion resistant.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Films</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) film can be used for applications requiring long-term protection. The film is produced by monolayer or multilayer technology as thin, thick, wide or narrow (from 10 to 175 μm), allowing great freedom of design. The commercial range includes both mass-tinted and transparent films, which can be printed with a variety of designs. Film can be laminated onto thermoplastic, thermoset and coated metal supports</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Batteries</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) has gained success in the battery industry as binders for cathodes and anodes in lithium-ion technology, and as battery separators in lithium-ion polymer technology.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Membranes</span></div>
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Kynar (PVDF) resin is a respected membrane material for applications ranging from bioprocess separations to water purification because it is extremely chemically resistant and thus well suited to aggressive chemical environments.</div>
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Kynar (PVDF) has a high temperature resistance, which makes it appropriate for applications that require high temperature cleaning. It tolerates ozone (an oxidant increasingly used for water purification) very well, compared to less robust polymer materials.</div>
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It is also a high purity resin with FDA and NSF listings, making it compatible with direct food/beverage contact applications.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Cables</span></div>
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Select grades of Kynar (PVDF) resin easily achieve the flame spread/smoke developed rating of 25/50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84. This enables Kynar (PVDF)pipe to be used in the plenum for applications such as corrosive waste drainage and laboratory chemical systems.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-11194225350108268972014-08-06T11:54:00.002+05:302019-08-09T15:58:55.809+05:30PEEK Seals – Numerous Applications, Many Choices<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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As a polymer, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/peek-seal/" target="_blank">PEEK</a> is most often compared with <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PTFE</a>. The two have multiple similarities including good temperature resistance, chemical inertness and dielectric strength. When it comes to pure physical strength however, PEEK moves ahead on two counts.</div>
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First – the absolute strength of the material is much higher. With a higher tensile strength and hardness, <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/peek-seal/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PEEK</a> is preferred to <a href="https://polyfluoroltd.com/ptfe-tube/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PTFE</a> in applications where dimensional stability over prolonged physical strain is required. Although PTFE does have fillers, such as glass and carbon, which allow for increased stiffness, it still does not compare with PEEK on this metric.</div>
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Second – PEEK has a lower specific gravity (1.35 against 2.25 for PTFE). As a result, in applications where the overall weight of the assembly needs to be minimized, PEEK emerges a winner.</div>
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One such application where PEEK is highly sought after is in the seals industry. Seals themselves include a huge range of polymers, elastomers and metals, each of which rely on the specific characteristics of the material being used to achieve effectiveness in its application.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Types of PEEK seals</strong></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Piston Ring Seals</span></div>
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Piston rings are used primarily to aid wear absorption on the outer diameter of the piston shaft. PEEK is hard enough to withstand the extensive wear induced within the piston, but not hard enough to damage the metal components themselves. The rings are usually machined from a PEEK bush and have different types of cuts, which aid in installation and performance.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Ball Valve Seats</span></div>
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Ball valve seats show a predominant preference for PTFE, as they require a soft material that yields easily to the shape of the ball valve. However, there are a significant number of PEEK seats being used in high-performance valves, where both the PTFE and the metal are machined to ensure a proper fit. Typically, we see these being used in valves employed on oil-rigs or power plants, where the high temperatures indicate a requirement for a polymer slightly tougher than PTFE.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Rotary Shaft Seals</span></div>
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We have developed compounded grades of PTFE with PEEK to cater to the rotary shaft seals market. The combination of PTFE and PEEK is a powerful one. The PTFE provides a boost to the self-lubrication properties, while the PEEK adds strength. Although they work well together, specific applications do call for pure PEEK. The purpose is similar to that of the piston ring, except here the shaft moves radially. PEEK again serves the purpose of being able to withstand wear at high RPMs, while being soft enough not to damage the metal in the event of misalignment or seal failure.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Ball and Butterfly Valve Seats</span></div>
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A number of different materials are used in this application, including PTFE, Delrin and UHMWPE. PEEK finds acceptance specifically in applications with high pressures and temperatures. Butterfly valves are an integral part of any fluid regulatory system, including hydroelectric power plants, oil and gas refineries and shipping.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Manufacturing process</strong></div>
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PEEK seals and seats are made primarily via machining. It is possible to injection mould the components directly, but this involves extensive tooling. Furthermore, the precision needed on the part’s dimensions would dictate the need for further machining. Hence, unless the volumes are vast, it is most likely machined from a bush.</div>
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The bush itself may be either extruded or compression moulded. Extrusion offers higher productivity and longer length parts, but is again dependent on the correct type of tooling being available. Compression moulding is cost effective and allows the dies to be modified easily, so that the moulded part is made with minimal excess material (a very key criterion when dealing with an expensive material like PEEK). The issue with compression moulding is that it is a slow process with very limited productivity.</div>
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So looking at the trade-off between productivity and tooling cost, an OEM can accordingly decide which method to adopt, depending on the volumes.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Variants in PEEK</strong></div>
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While most specifications call for pure, virgin (unfilled) PEEK, there are requirements for filled variants also. Most commonly, PEEK is used with a 30% Glass or Carbon filler to aid properties such as creep, dimensional stability and flexural strength.</div>
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As mentioned above, PEEK also does well with PTFE. More specifically, compression moulding best-practices sometimes recommend the addition of 5% PTFE into the PEEK mould, as this allows for better self lubrication of the material, while letting it maintain its superior strength.</div>
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Another polymer well suited to blending with PEEK is Polyimide. Although the blend is not nearly as proven as the regular filled variants, initial studies show that the addition of Polyimide allows PEEK to maintain its flexural modulus over a much high temperature range as against unfilled PEEK.</div>
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It is difficult to combine too many other polymers with PEEK, simply because the temperatures needed to process PEEK far exceed the melting points of most of these polymers.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A word on PEK</strong></div>
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PEK or PAEK has recently emerged as a competitor to PEEK. Industry experts have observed that while PEK does match PEEK on most metrics, it’s long-term effectiveness in maintaining its properties is still being tested.</div>
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We recently received a failed seal from an OEM, asking us to analyse whether it was PEEK. After testing it in a lab, it was found that the part was made using PEK. The end-user claimed that the part had only survived a few months in his valve assembly, before failing. This may have been a one-off incident, or could also point to the improper processing of the PEK part. However, it is useful to keep in mind.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusion</strong></div>
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PEEK is well known as a versatile polymer. Seals and seats are one more application where this material finds application. The product, however, requires precise dimensional tolerances that not all processors are able to offer. In addition to this, the availability of variants both within PEEK and amongst competing polymers makes the choice of material an exercise that the OEM must take very seriously, before committing one way or another.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-57275130540355961842014-04-04T13:03:00.000+05:302017-07-12T17:20:05.389+05:30Charting the standards used in defining PTFE properties<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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It was recently brought to our notice by an astute client that the data quoted in many of the generic online sources did not give a complete picture of the values and correct test methods needed in checking the properties of <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/products/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PTFE</a>.</div>
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A quick online search of a given property of PTFE churns out a number of data sheets from various supplier websites. And although the values and standards more or less match across these sources, our own study has revealed the following:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Some of the standards quoted are incorrect</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The values quoted do not have any reference as many of the standards only specify the test method and not the value reference</li>
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As a result, with an obscure polymer like PTFE, we find that information has been carried forward from older data sheets and passed on until no one is very sure what the “correct” value is anymore. We ourselves have reached a dead-end on a number of metrics, but we have done our best to fill the gaps using verifiable data.</div>
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Let’s look at point (1) above. The most commonly quoted standard for PTFE is ASTM D 1457. We see this standard in a number of places and only after trying to buy a copy online were we informed that ASTM D 4894 had replaced the ASTM D 1457 in 2001.</div>
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Clients who – due to the effect of legacy – still refer to the ASTM D 1457 sometimes get upset when we send them test reports quoting ASTM D 4894 and it requires some discussion with their QA team before the new standard is accepted.</div>
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However, even the ASTM D 4894 only applies to virgin PTFE. For filled grades of PTFE, we refer to the ASTM D 4745. This again requires a discussion with the client as is especially problematic when the client orders a very specialized grade. Since the ASTM D 4745 only covers the more general filled grades of PTFE, clients who order an irregular grade feel frustrated that there is no standard pertaining to their requirement.</div>
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Both the standards, however, do provide some basic values of tensile strength, elongation and specific gravity, which help in checking whether the properties attained after testing are in line with the requirements.</div>
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However, as the table below shows, very few of the standards actually give any values. For a whole list of properties, the standards only tell you how to check the value, but do not make any recommendations on what those values should be. Furthermore, due to PTFEbeing a niche polymer, some of the standards – such as ASTM D 2240 – actually pertain to other materials and the test method is simply employed for <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/products/" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PTFE</a>.</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-spacing: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #373737; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24.375px; margin: 0px 0px 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 817px;"><colgroup><col width="317"></col><col width="143"></col><col width="107"></col><col width="143"></col><col width="107"></col></colgroup><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317"></td><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="250">Virgin</td><td colspan="2" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="250">Filled grades</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Standard</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Value in standard</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Standard</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Value in standard</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Density</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4745</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Avg. Particle Size</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Tensile Strength</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4745</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Elongation at break</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 4745</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Shore D Hardness</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 2240</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 2240</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Linear Expansion Coefficient (-50°C to +15°C)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM E 831 / ASTM D 696</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes (696)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM E 831 / ASTM D 696</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">E-modulus (tensile)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ISO R 527</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ISO R 527</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Wear resistance (with Taber abraser method)</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM G 195-08</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM G 195-08</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Deformation Under Load – Total deformation after 24H</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 621 A</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 621 A</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Static Coefficient of friction</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 1894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 1894</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Dielectric Strength</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 149</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 149</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td height="13" style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="317">Dieelectric Constant</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 150</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ASTM D 150</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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As mentioned earlier, my client was curious to know what benchmarks were being followed when we quoted the values expected for each metric. However, we were unable to find any organisation that actively published data on PTFE and its filled grades.</div>
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In trying to trace back the values seen across so many data sheets (they are all in the same range, so we assumed they have some common source), we were able to find references old manuals released by DuPont, Dyneon and Daikin from where these values were obtained. Obviously, once we referenced DuPont, the client was satisfied and we were able to neatly define both the correct standard and the value with the proper reference.</div>
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It is however interesting to note that as widely used and accepted as PTFE is, there still does not exist any up-to-date properties standard that can be used by manufacturers as reference. The DuPont website does have values of virgin PTFE – but they reference the ASTM D 1457 – which suggests that maybe the information is dated. Not to say that the values would have changed significantly, but QA is a continuous process and something published within the last decade might offer a lot of support to both manufacturers and OEMs alike.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3647825151977416394.post-77287182533772961422013-11-19T14:30:00.002+05:302017-07-12T17:21:12.811+05:30PTFE vs PEEK – A Comparison of Properties<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Although both <a href="http://polyfluoroltd.com/products/">PTFE and PEEK</a> are well established within their respective fields, there are frequently questions around which would better suit a given application. OEMs typically have to make a choice based on technical suitability and hence need to be better informed as to how these materials match up against each other.</div>
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Below is a short comparison on properties between these two polymers and can be used a guide to aid new product development.</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-spacing: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #373737; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 1.625em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 584px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Parameter</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">PTFE</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">PEEK</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">Preferred material</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Price</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">Moderately expensive</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">Very expensive</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PTFE</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Tensile Strength</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">25-35 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">90-100 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PEEK</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Elongation</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">350-400%</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">30-40%</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PTFE</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Compressive Strength</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">30-40 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">140 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PEEK</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Flexural Modulus</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">495 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">3900 Mpa</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PEEK</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Coefficient of Friction</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">0.03-0.05</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">0.35-0.45</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PTFE</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Temperature resistance</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">Up to 250°C</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">Up to 250°C</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">NA</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Dielectric strength</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">50-150 Kv/mm</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">50 Kv/mm</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PTFE</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Chemical resistance</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">Virtually inert</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">Affected by Sulphuric acid</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PTFE</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Coefficient of linear thermal expansion</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">14 x 10<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">-5</span>/K</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">5 x 10<span style="border: 0px; bottom: 1ex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 0px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;">-5</span>/K</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PEEK</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="147">Machine-ability</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="99">Good</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="106">Very good</td><td style="border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 6px 10px 6px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" valign="top" width="73">PEEK</td></tr>
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In a nutshell, applications requiring strength and low levels of deformation would usually employ PEEK, whereas those requiring resistance to voltage or chemicals utilize PTFE.PTFE also rates highly in that it is self-lubricating. This makes it a preferred choice in high wear applications.</div>
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The biggest disadvantage of PEEK remains the price. It is roughly 10 times the price of PTFE and as a result has remained a niche polymer, used only in applications where it is absolutely necessary.</div>
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Poly Fluoro Ltd.http://www.blogger.com/profile/04838959607645681622noreply@blogger.com9